1. Unit 2 – Chapter 5

3.  When did the battle take place? 490 B.C  Who fought? Persia & Athens / Greeks  Who won? Athens / Greeks

4.  List two facts about the conflict. Athens was greatly outnumbered:  25,000 Persians vs. 10,000 Greeks The Greeks defeat the Persians.  Persians 6400 deaths vs. Greeks 192 deaths. Story goes that Pheidippides ran 26 miles back to Athens to announce victory, (“Nike”) then he died. (In 1896 the Olympics added the marathon. In 1908, 385 yards was added to the race when King Edward of England wanted the race to start at his castle.)

5.  When did the battle take place? 480 B.C.  Who fought? Persia vs Athens, Sparta & other Greek city-states  Who won? Persia

6.  What happened to Athens after Thermopylae? The Persians burned Athens  List two facts about the conflict. A small Spartan force (300) guarded the narrow mountain pass. Sparta was led by king Leonidas The Spartans held out heroically against the enormous Persian force.

7.  When did the battle take place? 480 B.C.  Who fought? Persia vs Athens  Who won? Athens

8.  List two facts about the conflict. The Greek navy lured the Persian navy into the narrow strait of Salamis. Here the Athenian warships drove into the Persian boats with underwater battering rams.

9.  What was the Delian League? An alliance with other Greek city-states This was an agreement between the city-states to cooperate & come to one another’s defense. Athens dominated the alliance  What was the Pelponnesian League? Sparta & other enemies of Athens formed an alliance to counter the Delian League.

10.  When did this battle take place? 431 B.C.  How long did the conflict last? 27 years  Who fought? Sparta vs Athens

11.  Who did Sparta get to help them out? Persia!  Who won? Sparta

12.  List two facts about the conflict. Sparta invades Athens Pericles (the ruler of Athens) allowed people from surrounding countryside to move inside the city. With overcrowding in Athens, a terrible plague broke out killing at least 1/3 of the population, including Pericles. Sparta allied itself with Persia! As a result of the Peloponnesian Wars:  It greatly weakened the Greek city-states.  The economic costs were considerable.  Poverty became widespread.  Athens was completely devastated.  Sparta emerged as the leading city-state.

13.  List three facts about Socrates. Most of what we know about Socrates is from his student Plato. Socrates did not write books. Using a process we today call the Socratic Method, he would hang around the marketplace asking people about their beliefs. To many Athenians, such questioning was a threat to accepted traditions. He questionedhis students about the use of moral terms: What is goodness? What is morality & justice?

14.  What events led up to his death? How did Socrates die? He was put on trail at the age of 70 for corrupting the youths & failing to respect the gods. Socrates was condemned to die & drank a cup of hemlock, a deadly poison.

15.  How did he feel about democracy & why? Because of the execution of Socrates he had a lifelong distrust of democracy

16.  List three facts about Plato. He left Athens for 10 years after Socrates death. When he returned, he set up a school called the Academy. There he taught & wrote about his own ideas. He emphasized the importance of reason. In his book The Republic, he described his vision of an ideal city-state where it is ruled by philosopher kings (Three classes of people.) He rejected democracy. (Because of what happened to Socrates.) Plato generally believed that men were physically & mentally superior to women.

17.  Who was one of Plato’s most famous students? Aristotle  List three facts about Aristotle. He set up a school in Europe to study all branches of knowledge. He left writings on politics, ethics, logic, biology, literature & many other subjects. He taught Alexander the Great. Aristotle collected & classified things from animals to city- state constitutions, & studied their relationships. 1500 years later, the first European universities were set up based on the works of Aristotle.

18.  Who was Herodotus? The “Father of History”