Key Teaching Points Youth are at risk for STDS. STDS are preventable. STDS are transmitted by unprotected anal, oral or vaginal sex. Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.

Prevention Abstinence Mutual monogamy with uninfected partner Limited sexual contact (non-penetrative) Condoms - correct and consistent use Reduce number of sexual partners Talk with new partners about risk reduction Tx of curable STDs, regular PAP test, vaccinate –Avoid sex if you have symptoms of an STD –Notify recent partners if you have an STD

Prevention Abstinence Mutual monogamy with uninfected partner Limited sexual contact (non-penetrative) Condoms - correct and consistent use Reduce number of sexual partners Talk with new partners about risk reduction Tx of curable STDs, regular PAP test, vaccinate –Avoid sex if you have symptoms of an STD –Notify recent partners if you have an STD WARNING: Condoms may not fully protect you or your partner from getting herpes or HPV. Condoms are not as effective at preventing herpes or HPV transmission as they are at preventing the transmission of other sexually transmitted diseases. You may have sores or viral shedding in the genital region which may not be covered by or protected by condoms (e.g., labia, the scrotum).

Condom Effectiveness Intact latex condoms do NOT allow air, water, viruses, or other organisms such as bacteria to pass through. Prevent pregnancy up to 98 percent of the time. In studies, among 124 discordant couples who used condoms consistently over 2 years, none of the uninfected partners became infected with HIV.

Key Teaching Points Youth are at risk for STDS. STDS are preventable. STDS are transmitted by unprotected anal, oral or vaginal sex. Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.

Two Kinds of Sexual Transmission 1) Skin to Skin 2) Body Fluid B-F S-S M-C N

STD Transmission Genital Herpes Genital Warts (HPV) Syphilis Pubic Lice Scabies Chlamydia Gonorrhea HIV Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C B-F S-S

Key Teaching Points Youth are at risk for STDS. STDS are preventable. STDS are transmitted by unprotected anal, oral or vaginal sex. Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.

Many STDS do not have symptoms. Untreated STDS can have serious consequences. Where can you get tested?

Bacterial STDs: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and Syphilis

Chlamydia

Gonorrhea

Primary Chancre appears at site of infection Secondary Other symptoms appear-- rashes, fever, fatigue Latent Phase No Symptoms Late Phase Damage to nervous system and death Syphilis Transmission: contact with rash or chancre Symptoms: (at left) Time to onset: days Pregnancy: perinatal infection may cause blindness or infant death Diagnosis: blood tests Treatment: antibiotics very effective

Syphilis

Viral STDs: Genital herpes, Genital warts, Hepatitis A, B and C, and HIV.

Herpes (HSV) HSV-2 HSV-1 Cold sores Oral-genital frequent Genital lesions Genital-oral infrequent

Genital Herpes (HSV) Transmission: skin to skin Symptoms: Prodrome--tingling in legs, buttocks or groin Lesion--itching, blister at infection site; Recurrences vary in frequency and severity Time to onset: 2-20 days Pregnancy: 5% transmission when lesions present Diagnosis: culture, antibody test Treatment: symptom relief; antivirals effective

Genital herpes

About 30 Types of Genital HPV 4 types related to cervical/anal Cancer Genital Warts HPV ( Human Papilloma Virus) “Genital Warts”

Transmission: skin to skin contact; not dependent on visible warts Symptoms: fleshy “warts” on genitals, perineum, anus; some strains cause no visible symptoms Time to onset: 1-20 months Pregnancy: perinatal infection possible Diagnosis: observation, PAP detects dysplasia Treatment: remove visible warts

Vaginitis “vaginal infection” Trichomonas Bacterial vaginosis (BV) Yeast infections Diagnosis of all vaginitis confirmed by microscopic examination

Trichomonas, aka “Trich” (parasite) Transmission: sexual contact, shared clothes Symptoms: -women: itching, burning, “fishy” discharge -men: usually asymptomatic, but can transmit Treatment: oral medication

Vaginosis (bacteria) Caused by overgrowth of normal bacteria Symptoms: itching, burning, frothy discharge Time to Onset: varies Treatment: antibiotics or vaginal cream

Yeast infection (fungi) Caused by overgrowth of common vaginal fungi Symptoms: itching, burning, “cottage cheese” discharge Treatment: vaginal cream or oral medication

Scabies (parasite) Transmission: sexual contact, clothes, touching Symptoms: itchy rash, especially at night Time to onset: 2-6 weeks from first exposure Diagnosis: microscopic examination of skin scrapings Treatment: creams and lotions

Scabies

Pubic Lice, aka “Crabs” (parasite) Transmission: sexual contact, clothes, sheets Symptoms: redness and itching in hairy areas Diagnosis: seen easily by naked eye Treatment: lotion, clothes/sheets washed in hot water

Pubic lice

Sexual Exposure Partners