Nasals鼻辅音： /m / /n / /ŋ / Time: 1 period Chapter Eleven 第十一章 Nasals鼻辅音： /m / /n / /ŋ / Time: 1 period

warming-up exercises: 1. Review the following words: /t∫/ chat / charm / cheer / cheque cheap / cheat / nature / touch /dз/ jolly / juice / jam / judge change / larger / knowledge 2. Review the following phrases: /t∫/ a charming young lady a child of nature / cherish it / rise to challenge /dз/ stew in one' s own juice /a plain Jane a joint venture / make a sound judgment

3. Review the following sentences: /t∫/ She has no choice but to quit the job. They are chewing the fat to cheat the journey. /dз/ You must be joking. I’d like to have some orange juice. 4. Review the following tongue twisters: Chuck cheap chocolate chips Try Gerry’s charming German cherry gin.

Definition Nasal sounds occur when a complete closure is made somewhere in the mouth, the soft palate is lowered, and air escapes through the nasal cavity. /m/: Put you lips together. Use your voice, and let the air escape through your nose. /n/: Put the front of your tongue against the bump behind the teeth. Use your voice, and let the air escape through your nose. /ŋ/ : Put the back of your tongue against the roof of your mouth. Use your voice, and let the air escape through your nose.

Characteristics /m/ A bilabial sound. Total closure is made by both lips. If followed by / f / or /v/, the closure may be labio-dental. The soft palate is lowered, and air passes out through the nasal cavity. /m/ is voiced, but may be devoiced, after /s/, for example (as in smart) /n/ An alveolar sound. The tongue blade closes against the alveolar ridge, and the rims of the tongue against the side teeth. If followed by /f/ or /v/, the closure may be labio-dental, or bilabial if followed by /p/ or /b/. The soft palate is lowered, and air passes out through the nasal cavity. /n/ is voiced, but may be devoiced, after /s/, for example (as in snow) /ŋ/ A velar sound. The back of the tongue closes against the soft palate. The closure is further forward if it follows on from a front vowel (compare sing and bang) Note /ŋ/ does not occur as an initial sound.

舌位图/m /

舌位图/n/

舌位图/ ŋ /

Games and Activities

Practice 1. Words /m / name / fame /money / famous manage / many / room / milk /n/ new / mind /skin /native language / narrow / nasty / ŋ / raining / meaning /singing knowing / nothing / spring 2. Phrases /m / a famous mountain / for fame / from time to time blame nobody / all the same / make a move /n/ thin-skinned / nine times out of ten / normalize the relations / to the point / make a noise in the world / gaining a lot of weight /ŋ/ knowing the meaning / talking and joking / eating and drinking / washing and cooking / reading and writing / the coming spring

3. Sentences My name is May. She is a green hand. Mary’s mother is a famous film maker. The manager wants to make a name. No need to know that. The milk man is shouting. She is narrow-minded. Do you know the meaning of the song? Lily is learning another language.

4. Tongue twisters A. As I was going along, along, along, I sang a comical song, song, song, The lane that I went was long, long, long, And the song that I sang was as long, long, long, And so I went along singing the long, long song. B. Swan swam over the sea, Swim, Swan, swim. Swan swam back again. Well swum, Swan. C. Autumn winds are sighing, sighing in the trees; The ripen corn is waving, waving in the breeze.

5. Rhymes A. The Seasons Spring is gay with flower and song, Summer is hot and the days are long, Autumn is rich with fruit and grain, Winter brings snow and the New Year again. B. May In the merry month of May, All the little birds are gay. They all hop and sing and say: Winter days are far away, Welcome, welcome, merry May!” All the pretty flowers are gay. They all dance and sing and say: “Winter days are far away,

After-class assignments ： 1. Review and remember the words, phrases, sentences, tongue twisters and the rhymes learned in class. 2. Make sentences, dialogues and / or advertising slogans containing the nasals. 3. Learn to sing an English song: Moon River. 4. 完成葆青编著 高等教育出版社出版 《实用英语语音》P28的朗读练习1），2）；p42-p43的练习1），2）及朗读练习；p48的单词，短语及朗读练习。