2. Chapter Nine Time: One Period Friction consonants / h / & / r / Chapter Nine Time: One Period Friction consonants / h / & / r /

3. Can you read them correctly? There was an old woman. There was an old woman. And nothing she had, And nothing she had, And so this old woman, And so this old woman, Was said to be mad. Was said to be mad. Shed nothing to eat. Shed nothing to eat. Shed nothing to ear, Shed nothing to ear, Shed nothing to lose, Shed nothing to lose, Shed nothing to fear, Shed nothing to fear, Shed nothing to ask, Shed nothing to ask, And nothing to leave. And nothing to leave.

4. Introduction Introduction There are ten friction consonants in English. For all of them the lung pushes air through a narrow opening where it causes friction of various kinds. Among them, /f, θ, s, ʃ, h/ are voiceless consonants while / v, ð, z, ʒ, r, / are voiced consonants. There are ten friction consonants in English. For all of them the lung pushes air through a narrow opening where it causes friction of various kinds. Among them, /f, θ, s, ʃ, h/ are voiceless consonants while / v, ð, z, ʒ, r, / are voiced consonants.

5. /h/ & /r/ The / h / are made by opening the mouth and sigh in a relaxed manner, with voice. The / h / are made by opening the mouth and sigh in a relaxed manner, with voice. The /r/ sound is made by putting the tip of the tongue near, but not touching, the back part of the upper teeth ridge; the main body of the tongue is kept low and the front is held concave allowing air to escape. The /r/ sound is made by putting the tip of the tongue near, but not touching, the back part of the upper teeth ridge; the main body of the tongue is kept low and the front is held concave allowing air to escape.

6. /h/ /h/

7. /r/ /r/

8. /h/ he / his / head / hope / hot / /h/ he / his / head / hope / hot / /r/ read / wrong / red / rip / rate / /r/ read / wrong / red / rip / rate / words

9. Note: 1) The letter r is silent in these words. 2) When there is no vowel following it, r is silent. New York later quarter depart weather airport afternoon announcer order passengers sir earlier forbidden are departure wonderful beer forecaster German dear supermarket upstairs four marvelous more emergency there storm sure worse

10. Phrases /h/ /h/ a high hill hit it hard a high hill hit it hard behind the house a hat in hand behind the house a hat in hand a huge head hold it high a huge head hold it high half way down the hall half way down the hall /r/ /r/ a red, red rose very, very worried a red, red rose very, very worried the right road brave but crazy the right road brave but crazy hungry and angry read and write hungry and angry read and write

11. Sentences /h/ Helen hit the head of the nail with a heavy hammer. Henry hid himself behind a high hedge. Harold greeted me with a hearty hello and handshake. The hunter and his huge horse hid behind the house. /r/ When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Roy borrowed a rod to hit the rat. They rode in the truck to see if the crops were ripe.

12. Tongue twisters Robert Rolly rolled a round roll round. If Robert Rolly rolled a round roll round, Where is the round roll? Robert Rolly rolled around?

13. Dialogue reading Mrs Randal: Are all the children grown up now, Ruth? Mrs Reed: Oh, yes. Laura is the cleverest one. Shes a librarian in the public library. Mrs Randal: Very interesting. And what about Rita? Mrs Reed: Shes a secretary at the railway station. Mrs Randal: And what about Rosemary? She was always a very pretty child. Mrs Reed: Rosemary is a waitress in a restaurant in Paris. Shes married to an electrician. Mrs Randal: And what about Jerry and Roland? Mrs Reed: Jerry drives a lorry. He drives everywhere in Europe. Mrs Randal: Really? Which countries does he drive to? Mrs Reed: France and Austria and Greece and Russia.

14. Additional information Learners have difficulty making the distinction between /r/ and /l/ in the English language. They many substitute /l/ for /r/ or /w/ as in we so that rip sounds like lip, and ride sounds like wide. It is very important for Chinese learners to be made aware of the articulators when producing /r/. Learners have difficulty making the distinction between /r/ and /l/ in the English language. They many substitute /l/ for /r/ or /w/ as in we so that rip sounds like lip, and ride sounds like wide. It is very important for Chinese learners to be made aware of the articulators when producing /r/.

15. Summary and after-class assignments Review and remember the words, phrases, sentences, tongue twisters and the dialogues learned in class Review and remember the words, phrases, sentences, tongue twisters and the dialogues learned in class Make sentences and /or advertising slogans containing the friction consonants. Make sentences and /or advertising slogans containing the friction consonants. Sing an English song Sing an English song P186- 188 1 2 3 4 P186- 188 1 2 3 4