The Crusades and the Wider World

The World in 1050 W. Europe was emerging from a period of isolation. Byzantine, Muslim, Indian, and Chinese, coastal African kingdoms were thriving. The Turks (Muslim converts) began assault on the Christian Byzantine lands.

The Crusades Byzantine emperor asks Rome’s Pope for help fighting the Turks. “Call to War” – Western Europe’s Christians answer. Mixed Motives: 1) prevent Muslim expansion 2) land and wealth 3) heal the East/West Christian split 4) increase personal power

Fighting Losing Battles Many crusades were launched by Christians on Muslims & even other Christians from 1096 until 1291 sowing the seeds of distrust. Established Crusader states in the Middle East. Jerusalem falls to Christians in 1099 (1 st Crusade). Muslims retook the city in Muslims waged Jihad in retaliation.

The Impact of the Crusades Bitter legacy of religious hatred btw Muslims, Christians, and Jews. In Europe, quickened the pace of change. A) Growth of money economies due to luxury goods and undermined serfdom B) Increased power for monarchs and the Church. C) Wider Worldview Evolves – planting the seeds for the Renaissance.

The Reconquista 1085, Christian campaign to drive Muslim Moors from Iberian Peninsula. 1492, the last Muslim stronghold is defeated in Granada, Spain. The Spanish Inquisition: imposed unity of its diversity of religions.

Class/homework Read/Cornell Notes pages Checkpoint questions (restate question and answer in complete sentences. Highlight CP to indicate your checkpoint questions in your Cornell Notes. Terms, People, and Places: identified in blue, define and note significance. * Assessment questions 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Cause & Effect 2. How did the Crusades change life in Europe and beyond? In Europe, the Crusades led to economic expansion: increased trade and use of money, which undermined serfdom and led to prosperity of northern Italian cities. They led to increased power of monarchs and the papacy. In the Middle East, Muslim regimes united against Christian invaders under Saladin.

Draw Conclusions 3. Why was the invasion of the Byzantine empire by the Turks significant? It led to the call for help from the Byzantine emperor and resulted in the Crusades.

Cause and Effect 4. Explain three reasons why Europeans joined the Crusades. Religious duty, gaining wealth and land, escaping limited opportunities, adventure, power, fame

Determine Relevance 5. How did the Crusades accelerate change in Europe? Crusaders brought goods and ideas back with them, trade increased a money economy, began to undermine serfdom, and ships that had carried crusaders were available for trade and exploration.

Opinion 6. Do you think unity in Spain was worth the costs of Reconquista? Explain

Opinion The President of the US used the word Crusade after 911 when giving a speech to the American people about going to war against the people who were suspected of attacking the US on 911. How do you feel about the President using this word in his speech?