He helped bring an end to apartheid, the racial segregation system in South Africa imposed by the British Spread of disease, robbery, illegal trade Ataturk helped Turkey become independent, and then helped them modernize and industrialize Bellringer Who was Ataturk and what did he do for the nation of Turkey? What are some negative effects of trade? Who was Nelson Mandela and what change did he help bring in South Africa?

The Wealth of Nations The Columbian Exchange Return to traditional religious values Bellringer What does Fundamentalism refer to? What do we call the trade route between Europe and the Americas during the s? In the book ______________ Adam smith wrote his theory of Capitalism, supply and demand and Laissez Faire. (fill in the blank)

Jewish people moved to the newly formed Israel, and Arabs were moving out Hindus move to India, and Muslims move to Pakistan TheirEconomic and political needs are not met What are two main reasons for people to revolt? Why was the partitioning of India an example of the movement of people? Theorize: Why was the founding of Israel an example of the movement of people?

African Independence Africa present

Decolonization Why did mass decolonization occur after 1945? WWII ended in 1945 and the war torn imperial powers were exhausted and weak from the war. They did not want to fight to hold on to their colonies. How many new nations have been created since 1945 around the world? Over 100, and the NEWEST nation is …. South Sudan 9:18-11:10

African decolonization Since 1945 over 50 new nations out of Africa alone.

Challenges The new nations all shared common goals: Independence, modernize and improve the quality of life But there were big obstacles: -lack of technology/ industry -Drought -Lack of Education -Political instability -Ethnic rivalries

Independence Each nations’ road to independence was different, here are three examples: -Ghana--1 -Kenya--2 -Algeria

Ghana British Colony- named Gold Coast After WWII Britain agreed to give ALL African colonies GRADUAL independence over many years The Gold Coast nationalists, led by Kwame Nkrumah, were not happy with “gradual”

Positive Action Nkrumah was influenced by Pan-Africanists and Gandhi and adopted non violent resistance He organized strikes and boycotts of British Goods In 1957 Britain granted the Gold Coast independence Nkrumah was elected President and renamed the Gold Coast- Ghana- after an ancient and powerful African Empire Pan- are nationalistic movements For instance, pan-Arab means unity among the Arabs. Pan-African means pride and unity in Africa. What would Pan-Slavic mean?

Kenya British controlled colony; British settlers displaced Africans and took their farm land The displaced Africans were called Kikuyu Two movements for independence: -Jomo Kenyatta- non-violence -Armed Guerrillas

Kenya Guerillas were armed with swords and began to burn British Farms and kill livestock Soon escalated to attacking British settlers Britain responded by bombing Kenyan Kikuyu strongholds and arresting Kenyatta Britain finally grants independence to Kenya Kenyans elect Kenyatta to prime minister

Algeria French colony with over 1 million French settlers Nationalist movement led by Algerian Muslims and the National Liberation Front (FLN) Despite many peaceful requests for independence, France refused to allow the Muslim Algerians to take power

Algeria The French were upset over losing Vietnam, didn’t want to lose Algeria too The FLN turned to Guerilla warfare to defeat the French Led to a long war with hundreds of thousands of deaths France finally granted independence in 1962

Ethnic Conflict As the countries of Africa become independent and the European peace keepers left, cultural conflict that was years in the making created civil wars and Genocide: -Rwanda Hutus and Tutsis attack each other -Sudan Muslims attack the Christian Minority -Somalia is lawless and currently ruled by Pirates

AFRICA List three things that come to mind when you think of Africa. Anything can be said, do not hold back.

Africa Today What do you think about Africa? Africa today has come a long way. Much of Africa has growing economies, better education and improving healthcare. Example: Average life expectancy was 43 now over 60 in Kenya 11:10- end

Arab Spring in Africa

What is the Arab Spring? The Arab Spring is a string of revolutions in Islamic countries to get rid of oppressive dictators. It began in Tunisia

People’s Revolution The Revolutions of the Arab Spring are led by the people for rights, political say and freedom

Common Problems What are some of the common problems leading to the Arab Spring Revolutions -High Unemployment -Rising Food Costs -Corruption -Oppression -No political power

Tunisia Beginning Mohamed Bouazizi, beaten by police - To protest, Moahamed self-immolated (set himself on fire) - His action inspired Tunisians to rise up against their dictator, Ben Ali Arabs saw their Tunisian brothers achieve Revolution, and they followed suit

Egyptian Uprising 2011 Background: -High Unemployment -Food prices rising -Political oppression -Corruption in the Government

Egyptian Arab Spring The “president” Hosni Mubarak was corrupt and oppressive. 30 year “State of Emergency” giving him complete control Police beat suspects and enforced one party rule Discontent simmered but there was no united call for change

The Spark Kahled Saeed was beaten to death in public, it was taped and the video was loaded onto YouTube Soon Facebook created a group entitled “We are all Kahled Saeed”

Revolution Access to the video of Saeed’s death, Twitter and Facebook allowed the Egyptian Revolution to spread Soon over one million Egyptians occupy Tahrir Square in February 2011 demanding President Mubarak resign Considering what happened in Tunisia and Egypt, why does the Government keep control of internet access with their Great Firewall? To keep control and prevent the people from unifying (like in Hong Kong)

Technology played a large role in Egypt

Revolution= ___________ change Murbarak steps down and is arrested February 11, 2011 Tried for his crimes in May, and Executed in June 2011 Democratic Elections occur in September 2011 President Morsi Elected but recently kicked out Unemployment and economy still in bad shape

Time Line Mubarak in power- oppression June Kahled Saeed beaten to death Jan 25, Large scale Protests begin in Egypt Feb. 11, Mubarak Steps down and arrested May Mubarak sentenced to Death Sept Egypt Votes in new government

Worries from the West Despite a successful Democratic election the West worries the government may fall back into a military dictatorship Threat of Muslim Brotherhood taking over and enacting Sharia (strict Islamic Law) **We call this fundamentalism- a return to traditional religious values** What about the Suez Canal? If the nation falls back into revolution, trade may be disrupted

Worries: Theocracy Vs Democracy Religious Government (Sharia) People’s Government

The Arab Spring Continues

Who’s Next?

Dictators Fall

Which statements best describes the political situation in Africa after World War II? a. increased nationalism led to independence for many African nations b. France and West Germany sought to establish colonies in Africa c. European nations increased their control over their African colonies d. The United Nations opposed the idea of self- determination for African Nations

Which factor most limited the development of African Nationalism a.European support of an educational system based on local traditions and language b.The prior experience of Africans with economic self- sufficiency c.Political boundaries imposed by Europeans that has little relationship to African tribal boundaries d.The European practice of making decisions based on local customs

Review A study of revolutions would most likely lead to the conclusion that pre-revolutionary governments 1. Are more concerned about human rights than the governments that replace them 2. Refuse to modernize their armed forces with advanced technology 3. Attempt to bring about the separation of government from religion 4. Fail to meet the political and economic needs of their people

One way in which Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta are similar is that they all 1)Supported the United Nations military action in the Persian Gulf War 2)Played a major role in independence movements in Africa 3)Rejected financial aid from the world Bank 4)Opposed the Pan- African Movement

“If we are to remain free, if we are to enjoy the full benefits of Africa’s enormous wealth, we must unite to plan for the full exploitation of our human and material resources in the interest of all our people.” This quotation best expresses the major goal of 1. Colonialism 2. Pan-Africanism 3. Imperialism 4. Urbanization

Review A Common problem facing most Latin American and Middle Eastern nations today is that these nations 1.Have little arable land and few mineral resources with which to improve their economies 2.Have chosen not to belong to international organizations 3.Are struggling with a transition to democracy after experiences years of dictatorial rule 4.Are experiencing major problems with the flood of illegal immigrants entering their nations

The stability of many African nations continues to be threatened by the 1.Spread of animism among the people 2.Ethnic and tribal loyalties of the people 3.Use of command economies 4.Establishment of labor unions

After World War II, which Action was taken by many African Territories? 1.Demanding independence from their colonial rulers 2.Refusing to join international organizations 3.Rejecting most of the technology offered by Western Nations 4.Creating a strong, united Africa

Ivory Wars One of the greatest disasters facing Africa today is the poaching of their elephant herds. Poachers illegally kill elephants only for their tusks, which are made of Ivory. The tusks are then sold on the black market. Elephants are necessary for the survival of Africa, as they spread seeds as they roam the open plains, and are a food source for predators such as Lions and Tigers.

Who Poaches Poachers fall into one of two groups: - poor Africans looking for income to support their families -Terrorist and military groups to buy guns and ammunition

Supply and Demand The real reason for the Ivory trade is demand from places like China. With over 1 Billion people, China creates a huge demand for ivory. That demand must be supplied. If someone is willing to pay, someone will get the Ivory

What can you do? -Raise Awareness with Facebook and other social campaigns -Sign online petitions -write letters with your parents -raise money for anti-poaching park rangers

With a partner examine the causes of poaching in Africa and come up with one way to stop poaching. Now, create one of the following to spread your message: Poem or song promoting elephant rescue plans. You can pick a catchy beat from an existing song Informational brochure for friends, family and peers to educate them about elephant problem Essay- write a 4 paragraph essay explaining the problem and what can be done to save the elephants in the future Posters and political cartoons- Create a series of 3-5 cartoons or posters to promote saving the Elephants What’s Happening Who’s Involved Why its happening How its happening Why its important What we can do to help

With a partner examine the causes of poaching in Africa and come up with one way to stop poaching. Now, create one of the following to spread your message: Poem or song promoting elephant rescue plans. You can pick a catchy beat from an existing song Informational brochure for friends, family and peers to educate them about elephant problem Essay- write a 4 paragraph essay explaining the problem and what can be done to save the elephants in the future Posters and political cartoons- Create a series of 3-5 cartoons or posters to promote saving the Elephants What’s Happening ______/10 Who’s Involved ______/10 Why its happening ______/10 How its happening ______/10 Why its important ______/10 What we can do to help ______/10 Total score: ______________/100 Selected project was appropriate: ___________/20 Effort and participation: ____________/20

AFRICA List three things that come to mind when you think of Africa. Anything can be said, do not hold back.

Africa Today What do you think about Africa? Africa today has come a long way. Much of Africa has growing economies, better education and improving healthcare. Example: Average life expectancy was 43 now over 60 in Kenya 11:10- end

Africa Today Get into groups of three. You will each be reading an article about Modern Africa. When you finish with your article and Questions you need to discuss the other articles with your group. You should all have the answers when you are finished. Hand in your completed papers then pick up your Homework: Read “After Mandela” then write a 2 paragraph response: 1 st paragraph: Explain why and how Mandela was a dissident 2 nd paragraph: Describe two challenges and two positive changes that are occurring in South Africa today.