1. Bellringer
Who was Ataturk and what did he do for the nation of Turkey?
What are some negative effects of trade?
Spread of disease, robbery, illegal
trade
Ataturk helped Turkey become independent, and then helped them modernize and industrialize
Who was Nelson Mandela and what change did he help bring in South Africa?
He helped bring an end to apartheid, the racial segregation system in South Africa imposed by the British

2. What does Fundamentalism refer to?
Bellringer
What does Fundamentalism refer to?
What do we call the trade route between Europe and the Americas during the s?
The Columbian Exchange
Return to traditional religious values
In the book ______________ Adam smith wrote his theory of Capitalism, supply and demand and Laissez Faire. (fill in the blank)
The Wealth of Nations

3. What are two main reasons for people to revolt?
Why was the partitioning of India an example of the movement of people?
TheirEconomic and political needs are not met
Hindus move to India, and Muslims move to Pakistan
Theorize: Why was the founding of Israel an example of the movement of people?
Jewish people moved to the newly formed Israel, and Arabs were moving out

4. African Independence
Africa present

5. Decolonization South Sudan
Why did mass decolonization occur after 1945?
WWII ended in 1945 and the war torn imperial powers were exhausted and weak from the war. They did not want to fight to hold on to their colonies.
How many new nations have been created since 1945 around the world?
Over 100, and the NEWEST nation is ….
South Sudan
9:18-11:10

6. African decolonization
Since 1945 over 50 new nations out of Africa alone.

7. Challenges
The new nations all shared common goals: Independence, modernize and improve the quality of life
But there were big obstacles:
-lack of technology/ industry
-Drought
-Lack of Education
-Political instability
-Ethnic rivalries

8. Independence
Each nations’ road to independence was different, here are three examples:
-Ghana--1
-Kenya--2
-Algeria--3 3 1 2

9. Ghana British Colony- named Gold Coast
After WWII Britain agreed to give ALL African colonies GRADUAL independence over many years
The Gold Coast nationalists, led by Kwame Nkrumah, were not happy with “gradual”

10. Pan- are nationalistic movements
Positive Action
Pan- are nationalistic movements
For instance, pan-Arab means unity among the Arabs. Pan-African means pride and unity in Africa. What would Pan-Slavic mean?
Nkrumah was influenced by Pan-Africanists and Gandhi and adopted non violent resistance
He organized strikes and boycotts of British Goods
In 1957 Britain granted the Gold Coast independence
Nkrumah was elected President and renamed the Gold Coast- Ghana- after an ancient and powerful African Empire

11. Kenya
British controlled colony; British settlers displaced Africans and took their farm land
The displaced Africans were called Kikuyu
Two movements for independence:
-Jomo Kenyatta- non-violence
-Armed Guerrillas

12. Kenya
1952- Guerillas were armed with swords and began to burn British Farms and kill livestock
Soon escalated to attacking British settlers
Britain responded by bombing Kenyan Kikuyu strongholds and arresting Kenyatta
1963- Britain finally grants independence to Kenya
Kenyans elect Kenyatta to prime minister

13. Algeria French colony with over 1 million French settlers
Nationalist movement led by Algerian Muslims and the National Liberation Front (FLN)
Despite many peaceful requests for independence, France refused to allow the Muslim Algerians to take power

14. Algeria
The French were upset over losing Vietnam, didn’t want to lose Algeria too
The FLN turned to Guerilla warfare to defeat the French
Led to a long war with hundreds of thousands of deaths
France finally granted independence in 1962

15. Ethnic Conflict
As the countries of Africa become independent and the European peace keepers left, cultural conflict that was years in the making created civil wars and Genocide:
-Rwanda Hutus and Tutsis attack each other
-Sudan Muslims attack the Christian Minority
-Somalia is lawless and currently ruled by Pirates

16. AFRICA
List three things that come to mind when you think of Africa. Anything can be said, do not hold back.

17. Africa Today What do you think about Africa?
Africa today has come a long way. Much of Africa has growing economies, better education and improving healthcare.
Example: Average life expectancy was 43 now over 60 in Kenya
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18. Arab Spring in Africa

19. What is the Arab Spring?
The Arab Spring was a string of revolutions in Islamic countries to get rid of oppressive dictators. It began in Tunisia in Most Democratic nations had high hopes for the sweeping changes, but today the Arab Spring has mostly failed.

20. People’s Revolution
The Revolutions of the Arab Spring are led by the people for rights, political say and freedom

21. Basic needs are NOT being met
Common Problems
Some of the common problems leading to the Arab Spring Revolutions
-High Unemployment
-Rising Food Costs
-Corruption
-Oppression
-No political power
In other words:
Basic needs are NOT being met

22. Tunisia Beginning 2010 - Mohamed Bouazizi, beaten by police
- To protest, Moahamed self-immolated (set himself on fire)
- His action inspired Tunisians to rise up against their dictator, Ben Ali
Arabs saw their Tunisian brothers achieve Revolution, and they followed suit

23. Egyptian Uprising 2011 Background: -High Unemployment
-Food prices rising
-Political oppression
-Corruption in the Government

24. Egyptian Arab Spring
The “president” Hosni Mubarak was corrupt and oppressive.
30 year “State of Emergency” giving him complete control
Police beat suspects and enforced one party rule
Discontent simmered but there was no united call for change

25. The Spark
Kahled Saeed was beaten to death in public, it was taped and the video was loaded onto YouTube
Soon Facebook created a group entitled “We are all Kahled Saeed”

26. To keep control and prevent the people from unifying
Revolution
Access to the video of Saeed’s death, Twitter and Facebook allowed the Egyptian Revolution to spread
Soon over one million Egyptians occupy Tahrir Square in February 2011 demanding President Mubarak resign
Considering what happened in Tunisia and Egypt, why does the Cinese Government keep control of internet access with their Great Firewall?
To keep control and prevent the people from unifying

27. Technology played a large role in Egypt
Facebook, Twitter and other social networking sites allowed the Egyptian people to unite and plan their protests, eventually toppling Mubarak.

28. Revolution= ___________
change
Murbarak steps down and is arrested February 11, 2011
Tried for his crimes in May, and Executed in June 2011
Democratic Elections occur in September 2011
President Morsi Elected but recently kicked out
Unemployment and economy still in bad shape

29. Time Line 1981- Mubarak in power- oppression
June Kahled Saeed beaten to death
Jan 25, Large scale Protests begin in Egypt
Feb. 11, Mubarak Steps down and arrested
May Mubarak sentenced to Death
Sept Egypt Votes in new government

30. Worries from the West
Despite a successful Democratic election the West worries the government may fall back into a military dictatorship
Threat of Muslim Brotherhood taking over and enacting Sharia (strict Islamic Law)
**We call this fundamentalism- a return to traditional religious values**
What about the Suez Canal? If the nation falls back into revolution, trade may be disrupted

31. Worries: Theocracy Vs Democracy
Religious Government (Sharia)
People’s Government

32. The Arab Spring Continues

33. Who’s Next?

34. Dictators Fall

35. Which statements best describes the political situation in Africa after World War II?
a. increased nationalism led to independence for many African nations
b. France and West Germany sought to establish colonies in Africa
c. European nations increased their control over their African colonies
d. The United Nations opposed the idea of self- determination for African Nations

36. Which factor most limited the development of African Nationalism
European support of an educational system based on local traditions and language
The prior experience of Africans with economic self-sufficiency
Political boundaries imposed by Europeans that has little relationship to African tribal boundaries
The European practice of making decisions based on local customs

37. Review
A study of revolutions would most likely lead to the conclusion that pre-revolutionary governments
1. Are more concerned about human rights than the governments that replace them
2. Refuse to modernize their armed forces with advanced technology
3. Attempt to bring about the separation of government from religion
4. Fail to meet the political and economic needs of their people

38. One way in which Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta are similar is that they all
Supported the United Nations military action in the Persian Gulf War
Played a major role in independence movements in Africa
Rejected financial aid from the world Bank
Opposed the Pan- African Movement

39. “If we are to remain free, if we are to enjoy the full benefits of Africa’s enormous wealth, we must unite to plan for the full exploitation of our human and material resources in the interest of all our people.”
This quotation best expresses the major goal of
1. Colonialism
2. Pan-Africanism
3. Imperialism
4. Urbanization

40. Review
A Common problem facing most Latin American and Middle Eastern nations today is that these nations
Have little arable land and few mineral resources with which to improve their economies
Have chosen not to belong to international organizations
Are struggling with a transition to democracy after experiences years of dictatorial rule
Are experiencing major problems with the flood of illegal immigrants entering their nations

41. Review
The stability of many African nations continues to be threatened by the
Spread of animism among the people
Ethnic and tribal loyalties of the people
Use of command economies
Establishment of labor unions

42. Review
After World War II, which Action was taken by many African Territories?
Demanding independence from their colonial rulers
Refusing to join international organizations
Rejecting most of the technology offered by Western Nations
Creating a strong, united Africa

43. Ivory Wars
One of the greatest disasters facing Africa today is the poaching of their elephant herds. Poachers illegally kill elephants only for their tusks, which are made of Ivory. The tusks are then sold on the black market.
Elephants are necessary for the survival of Africa, as they spread seeds as they roam the open plains, and are a food source for predators such as Lions and Tigers.

44. Who Poaches Poachers fall into one of two groups:
- poor Africans looking for income to support their families
-Terrorist and military groups to buy guns and ammunition

45. Supply and Demand
The real reason for the Ivory trade is demand from places like China. With over 1.4 Billion people, China creates a huge demand for ivory. That demand must be supplied. If someone is willing to pay, someone will get the Ivory

46. Technology’s impact
We often think of technology as a positive development, like our phones and computers. Unfortunately, technology includes ALL tools and skills to get what we want or need, including weapons. As technology has improved poachers in Africa have traded in spears for machine guns and helicopters.

47. What can you do?
-Raise Awareness with Facebook and other social campaigns
-Sign online petitions
-write letters with your parents
-raise money for anti-poaching park rangers

48. Think about it What’s Happening Who’s Involved Why its happening
How its happening
Why its important
What we can do to help
Think about it
With a partner examine the causes of poaching in Africa and come up with one way to stop poaching. Now, create one of the following to spread your message:
Poem or song promoting elephant rescue plans. You can pick a catchy beat from an existing song 
Informational brochure for friends, family and peers to educate them about elephant problem
Essay- write a 4 paragraph essay explaining the problem and what can be done to save the elephants in the future 
Posters and political cartoons- Create a series of 3-5 cartoons or posters to promote saving the Elephants 

49. Think about it What’s Happening______/10 Who’s Involved ______/10
Why its happening ______/10
How its happening ______/10
Why its important ______/10
What we can do to help ______/10
Total score: ______________/100
Think about it
With a partner examine the causes of poaching in Africa and come up with one way to stop poaching. Now, create one of the following to spread your message:
Poem or song promoting elephant rescue plans. You can pick a catchy beat from an existing song 
Informational brochure for friends, family and peers to educate them about elephant problem
Essay- write a 4 paragraph essay explaining the problem and what can be done to save the elephants in the future 
Posters and political cartoons- Create a series of 3-5 cartoons or posters to promote saving the Elephants 
Selected project was appropriate: ___________/20
Effort and participation: ____________/20

51. AFRICA
List three things that come to mind when you think of Africa. Anything can be said, do not hold back.

52. Africa Today What do you think about Africa?
Africa today has come a long way. Much of Africa has growing economies, better education and improving healthcare.
Example: Average life expectancy was 43 now over 60 in Kenya
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53. Africa Today
Get into groups of three. You will each be reading an article about Modern Africa.
When you finish with your article and Questions you need to discuss the other articles with your group. You should all have the answers when you are finished.
Hand in your completed papers then pick up your Homework:
Read “After Mandela” then write a 2 paragraph response:
1st paragraph: Explain why and how Mandela was a dissident
2nd paragraph: Describe two challenges and two positive changes that are occurring in South Africa today.