“Motivation is the work a manager performs to inspired, encourage, people to take required action”

Nature and Characteristics Motivation Is an internal feeling Motivation is related to needs Motivation lead to goal oriented behaviour Motivation can be positive or negative

Importance of Motivation 1.Puts human resources into action Every concern requires physical, financial and human resources to accomplish the goals.

2.Improves level of efficiency of employees The level of a subordinate or an employee does not only depend upon his qualifications and abilities.

3.Leads to achievement of organizational goals The goals of an enterprise can be achieved 4.Builds friendly relationship Motivation is an important factor which brings employees satisfaction.

Need Theory People are motivated to obtain outcomes at work to satisfy their needs. 1)Managers must determine what needs worker wants satisfied. 2)Ensure that a person receives the outcomes when performing well. – Several needs theories exist. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Alderfer’s ERG.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self- Actualization Self- Actualization Realize one’s full potential Realize one’s full potential Use abilities to the fullest Use abilities to the fullest Esteem Feel good about oneself Feel good about oneself Promotions & recognition Promotions & recognition Belongingness Social interaction, love Social interaction, love Interpersonal relations, parties Interpersonal relations, parties Safety Security, stability Job security, health insurance Job security, health insurance Physiological Food, water, shelter Food, water, shelter Basic pay level to buy items Basic pay level to buy items Need LevelDescriptionExamples Lower level needs must be satisfied before higher needs are addressed.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Physiological Safety & Security Love (Social) Esteem SA Lowest to highest order

Motivational Theories X & Y Physiological Safety & Security Love (Social) Esteem SA Theory Y - a set of assumptions of how to manage individuals motivated by higher order needs Theory X - a set of assumptions of how to manage individuals motivated by lower order needs

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Hygiene Factor - work condition related to dissatisfaction caused by discomfort or pain – maintenance factor – contributes to employee’s feeling not dissatisfied – contributes to absence of complaints Motivation Factor - work condition related to the satisfaction of the need for psychological growth – job enrichment – leads to superior performance & effort