1. TEORI MOTIVASI Content Theories
Mustika Lukman Arief, SE. MBA. MM.

2. Materi Pengajaran Pengertian dan Model Motivasi
Teori hirarki kebutuhan Maslow
Teori dua faktor Frederick Herzberg
Teori kebutuhan McClelland
Alderfer’s ERG theory

3. Pengertian dan Model Motivasi
The willing to exert high levels of effort toward organization goals, conditioned by effort to satisfy some individual need
Model Motivasi
Teori hirarki kebutuhan Maslow
Teori dua faktor Frederick Herzberg
Teori kebutuhan McClelland
Alderfer’s ERG theory
Source : Stephen P. Robbins

4. The Motivational Process : An Initial Model
Need deficiencies
“I want to perform well to earn the promotion.” VI
Need deficiencies reassessed by the employee
“I still want the promotion. I’ve got to try another approach.” II
Search for ways satisfy needs
“I need to show the manager that I want the promotion work on tough assignments, work extra hours, help co-worker.”
The Employee V
Rewards of punishments
“Received recognition award; granted the opportunity to attend training program.”
III
Goal directed behavior
“The Promotion.” IV
Performance (evaluation of goal accomplished)
“Highest ratings on quantity, quality and cost containment.”

5. Teori hirarki kebutuhan Maslow
“That people’s needs depend on what they already have. In a sense, then, a satisfied needs isn’t a motivator. Human needs, organized in a hierarchy of importance, are physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self actualization”
Source : Gibson

6. Social / Belongingness
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self
actualization
Esteem
Social / Belongingness
Safety
Physiological
Source : Stephen P. Robbins

7. TEORI DUA FAKTOR FREDERICK HERZBERG
View that job satisfaction results from the presence of intrinsic motivators and that job dissatisfaction stems from not having extrinsic factors
Source : Gibson

8. Traditional and Herzberg Views of Satisfaction-Dissatifaction
I. Traditional
High job satisfaction
High job dissatisfaction
II. Herzberg’s two-factor view
High job satisfaction (motivator)
Low job satisfaction
High job satisfaction (hygiene)
Low job dissatisfaction
Source : Gibson

9. Teori Kebutuhan McClelland
Learned Needs Theory
Theory that proposes that a person with a strong need will be motivated to use appropriate behaviors to satisfy the need. A person’s needs are learned from the culture of a society
Thematis Apperception Test (TAT)
Projective test that uses a person’s analysis of picture to evaluate such individual differences as need for achivement, need for power, and need for affiliation
Source : Gibson

10. The theory focus on three needs
Need for achievement
The drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed
2. Need for power
The need to make others behave in a way that they wouldn’t have behaved otherwise
3. Need for affiliation
The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships

11. Alderfer’s ERG theory
Theory developed and tested by Alderfer that categorized needs as existence, related-ness and growth
Existence; needs satisfied by such as food, air, water, pay and working conditions
Related-ness; needs satisfied by meaningful social and interpersonal relationship
Growth; needs satisfied by an individual making creative or productive contributions
Source : Gibson

12. ERG Theory Relationships among Frustration, Importance and Satisfaction of Needs
of growth needs
Importance
Satisfaction
of relatedness needs
of existence needs
Source : Gibson

13. A graphic Comparison of Four Content Theories of Motivation
Maslow
(need hierarchy)
Self-actualization
Esteem
Belongingness, social and love
Physiological
Herzberg
(two factor theory)
The work itself
- Responsibility
Advancement
Growth
Achievement
Recognition
Quality of interpersonal relations among peers, with supervisor, with subordinates
Job security
Working conditions
Salary
Alderfer
Growth
Relatedness
Existence
Mc Clelland
Need for achievement
Need for power
Need for affiliation
Higher order needs
Motivators
Basic needs
Hygiens conditions