The Crusades Political Changes Social/Eco. Change Bubonic Plague 100 Years War

What were the outcomes of the first three Crusades?

First: Won by the Christians Second: Lost by the Chirstians Third: Tie between Chrisitans and Muslims

Who were the powerful military commanders during the Third Crusade?

Richard the Lion-Hearted (Christian) and Saladin (Muslim)

The Christian effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain is called the _______________.

Reconquista

Identify TWO goals of the Crusades.

1. Capture Jerusalem 2. Stop Muslim attacks on the Byzantine Empire 3. Get European Knights to fight together 4. Gain wealth and prestige

Identify THREE effects of the Crusades.

1. Trade expanded to the east 2. Women gained responsibilities back in Europe 3. Church loses power 4. Monarchs consolidate their power 5. Lasting hatred and intolerance between Christians and Muslims 6. Drives later generations to explore the world.

Who claimed the English crown after winning the Battle of Hastings?

Duke William of Normandy or William the Conqueror

What famous document outlined the basic rights of nobles and maintained that monarchs had to follow the laws?

The Magna Carta

Which English governing body gained power over the finances of England and represents people from all social classes? Also identify the two houses of this governing body!

The English Parliament: 1. The House of Lords 2. The House of Commons

Explain TWO problems that the English King, John I, had to deal with during his reign as king.

1. Lost a war and land to his rival Philip II of France. 2. Got himself and his country excommunicated by the Church. 3. Was forced to sign the Magna Carta by his angry nobles

Name TWO important French Kings of the Late Middle Ages and explain one way that they helped improve France during this period in history.

1. Hugh Capet: Began a long lasting dynasty, and added land 2. Philip II: Increased land and taxes, created a standing army, and gave out many new charters 3. Louis IX: Model monarch and ended serfdom 4. Philip IV: Defeated Pope and gave French Monarch control over religious affairs

What new economic innovation helped increase the food supply and the population in the Late Middle Ages?

The Three-Field System

What are the two architectural styles of Medieval Cathedrals?

Romanesque and Gothic

Name the new number system that replaced Roman Numerals in Europe in the Late Middle Ages AND name the new type of writings that were written in the everyday and common languages.

Arabic Numbers replaced Roman Numerals and Vernacular writings are written in the common languages

Name one thing a town GAINED from a medieval charter and name one thing they had to GIVE in return for a medieval charter.

They gained 1. The right to manage their own affairs, 2. Chose their own leaders, and 3. Free serfs after a year and a day. In return they paid a yearly fee to the king who gave them the charter.

Name THREE things that guilds had the power to control and regulate in Medieval towns and cities.

Pass laws, collect taxes, control spending, limit membership, regulate prices, regulate work hours, and ensure product quality

How many people in Europe died from the Bubonic Plague?

20-25 Million

In Europe, what percentage of the overall population died as a result of the Bubonic Plague?

33% Died from the Bubonic Plague

Where (geographically) did the Plague originate and How did it get to Europe?

It originated in China and travelled to Europe by way of rats and rat fleas that went along on trade ships and trading caravans bound for Europe.

Explain why European towns and cities were hit hardest by the plague as compared to the limited effect the plague had on the populations in rural areas of Europe.

Cities and Towns were trading centers and were frequently visited by people from far off lands and towns and cities of medieval Europe were filthy, unsanitary, and rat infested making them prime locations for the Bubonic Plague to spread.

Name THREE ways that the Bubonic Plague effected Europe.

1. Created a severe drop in population 2. Production and Trade Decline 3. Prices rise causing peasant and middle class revolts 4. Jews are blamed and killed by Christians throughout Europe 5. Church loses power due to their inability to solve the problem

What two countries fought the Hundred Years War AND how long did they fight?

England fought against France and they fought on and off for about 116 years.

Who led French forces to victory during the end of the Hundred Years War and was later burnt at the stake by the English?

Joan of Arc

What event started the Hundred Years War?

The French King died without an heir and the King of England claimed it for himself due to his French heritage.

How did the introduction of the English Longbow change warfare during this period in history?

It had the ability to pierce through heavy armor making the mounted and heavily armored knights of medieval Europe obsolete. (Plus it had a much faster firing rate than the crossbow)

Identify THREE ways that the Hundred Years War effected Europe.

1. Created a feeling of nationalism, fighting for your country not simply your feudal lord 2. French monarchy gained power and prestige 3. England suffered internal turmoil and civil wars over the crown 4. Introduction of new weapons changed European warfare forever.

FINAL JEOPARDY Category: The Church in the Late Middle Ages

Explain how each of the following events caused a decline in Church Power. 1. The Crusades 2. The Consolidation of the French and English Monarchies 3. The Bubonic Plague

1. The loss of most of the Crusades demonstrated a lack of God’s approval 2. Monarchies of England and France pose a direct challenge and treat to Church dominance and in time people become more loyal to country than church. 3. Plague devastates Europe, is seen as God’s punishment, and the Church is helpless to stop this deadly disease.