What were the legacies of the early English monarchs? How did the actions of the early monarchs shape the development of Parliament? How did the actions of the early monarchs impact European conflict? NORMAN KINGS

WILLIAM I (THE CONQUEROR) r First of the Norman kings Was the Duke of Normandy, and second cousin to Edward the Confessor, who supposedly promised the English throne to William Edward died in 1066, causing a hasty coronation of Harold II (Edward’s brother-in-law) who had been chosen by a council. This prompted William’s conquest of England, ending with Harold’s death and defeat at Hastings in 1066

William I’s Legacies Subdued his realm—put down rebellions and challenges to his rule Created new laws and enforced old (Saxon) ones Domesday book (1086)— meant to max. tax revenues, aid in admin.

Tapestry of the Battle of Hastings

WILLIAM II (“Rufus”) r Third (& favorite) son of William I Reign characterized by rebellion and extravagance Brother (Robert) was Duke of Normandy—rivalry “killed?” while hunting

HENRY I r Youngest son of William I Reorganized the judicial system and taxation methods. King’s Court—court of law & taxation supervision – Evolution into Parliament eventually. Died without a male heir (his one son had tragically drowned). Chose his daughter, Matilda, as successor, but she was considered unfit to rule as a woman and a council elected Stephen.

STEPHEN r – 1154 (LAST NORMAN KING) Grandson of William I Weak king—why? Civil war destroyed English countryside. Acknowledged Matilda’s son, Henry (II), as heir.