Regions: Northern Middle Southern Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Northern AKA: New England Industry: Shipbuilding Fishing/Whaling Logging Fur trading Copper mining Farming: – Very little – Rocky soil – Too close to the sea Philosophy: Life built around Religion ANTI-slavery Strong work ethic

People Pilgrims Were “Separatists” Came in 1620 Landed at Cape Cod Settlement: Plymouth Fewer in number Lower class, less educated Received help from local Native Americans Came to America for Religious Freedom Puritans Wanted to “reform” the Anglican Church Came in Landed North of the Pilgrims Settlement: Boston Thousands came Higher class, more educated Fought with Native Americans Came to America for Religious Freedom

Land Features Mountains: much of the inland area is dominated by mountains.

Land Features Dense Forests: with mountains comes plenty of forest which contain both furs and timber.

Land Features Sea Ports: New England had many sea ports for shipping goods and fishing/whaling.

Middle AKA: Midatlantic Colonies Industry Farming: known as the “breadbasket”. – Corn, wheat, beef, pork Iron Mining Coal Mining Textile Manufacturing Fur Trading Shipbuilding Philosophy Diversity Equality Peace Pennsylvania and Delaware were ANTI-Slavery. New York and New Jersey had a small amount of slavery.

People Nationalities/Ethnicities: – Dutch – German – Swedish (Delaware) – Native American – English (after they took it over) Religions: – Quakers, Mennonites, Jewish Relationship with Native Americans: – Paid for land, NO wars with Natives (after English takeover), Lived together.

Why They Came: Dutch: Mainly interested in expanding their trade empire. – The Dutch West India Company wanted to trade with Native Americans and the French for furs.

Why They Came Quakers: Penn’s “Holy Experiment” – Created Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers – Pennsylvania would be a land with no Aristocrats – Penn granted ALL adult males 50 acres of land and the right to vote.

Why They Came Swedish: Original settlers of New Sweden (Delaware) Taken over by the Dutch German/Scandinavian/Jewish: All of these groups came to start a new life. Were encouraged by the Dutch to settle in New Netherlands.

Land Features Land had a combination of Northern and Southern features. Good Farmland: fertile soil enabled the Middle colonies to farm wheat, corn, and livestock.

Land Features Mountains: were larger than in New England provided iron and coal, and a source for furs.

Land Features: Forests: in the Middle Colonies forests grew larger trees than in the North or South. Provided timber for shipbuilding and a habitat for animals for fur trading.

Southern Colonies Industry Agriculture – Tobacco – Indigo – Rice – Cotton (eventually) Some fishing Some logging Some fur trading Philosophy Large Scale Farming (Plantations) To make money (get rich) PRO-slavery

People: English: Upper Class Came seeking riches Didn’t find gold or silver Found extremely fertile land Built large farms (Plantations) to make money!

People: Poor People: Indentured Servants Sought a way to escape their poverty Someone else would pay for them to come to America They paid that person back by working for free for a fixed amount of time

People: Debtors: People who didn’t pay their debts were sent to jail in England Debtors could earn their freedom by working in America for 7 years Plantation owners hired debtors as cheap laborers

People: Catholics/Protestants: Maryland was intended to be a safe haven Catholics came to escape persecution Protestants also settled in Maryland Act of Toleration gave settlers in Maryland the right to practice religion freely Protestants eventually made Anglicanism the official church.

People: Enslaved Africans: Coastal tribes sold slaves to Europeans for manufactured goods Plantation owners bought slaves as free labor to farm “cash crops” Slavery is for life, unless owner grants them their freedom Slaves were treated harshly

Land Features Fertile Plains: The Southern Colonies had the best farmland Large plains and good climate were ideal for farming They used their farmland to grow “cash-crops”

Land Features Long Rivers: Dozens of long rivers exist in the Southern Colonies. Rivers provide natural irrigation for farming Jamestown was built on the James River

Land Features Swamps and Marshes: Located in South Carolina and Georgia Wet lands surrounding swamps are ideal for growing rice Also a good source for Cypress Trees