1. The Northern, Middle, and Southern Colonies

2. The New England Colonies

3. Geography Richest fishing in the world off the coastline Location
New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island
Terrain
Hills and low mountains, narrow plains along coast
Thin and rocky soil (difficult for farming)
Weather and Resources
Large areas covered by forests
Richest fishing in the world off the coastline

4. Establishment Chartered by the Puritans
Wanted to reform the Church of England
Persecuted by King Charles I in 1620s
Left England in 1630
900 puritans on 11 ships
Known as the Massachusetts Bay Company
Led by John Winthrop

5. Growth and Change
New England colonists earned their livelihoods in several different ways
Leather goods, fishing, shipbuilding
English colonies were free to expand after the end of the Native American Uprising called King Philips War
Stern religious rule had less influence over the later generations than it did over the original founders

6. New England Colonies – Comprehension Check
Question 1:
Why were the New England Colonies founded?
A. Religious freedom
B. Sandy soil that was ideal for growing tobacco

7. New England Colonies – Comprehension Check
Question 2:
How did most New England colonists make their living?
A. Wheat farming
B. Fishing and shipbuilding

8. The Middle Colonies

9. Geography Location Terrain Weather and Resources
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware
Terrain
Mostly lowland
Weather and Resources
Warmer climate, with longer growing season
Fertile soil well suited for wheat, fruits, and vegetables

10. Establishment New York began as the Dutch colony of New Netherland
Was an economic success (farming and trade)
In 1664 King Charles II of England granted all Dutch lands to his brother James
James sent warships and the Dutch surrendered immediately
The colony was then renamed New York

11. Growth and Change
Wheat was the top cash crop in this area, produced by small farms
America’s breadbasket
Manufacturing and Trade Artisans were also prevalent
Non-English immigrants made the Middle Colonies the most diverse part of English North America

12. Middle Colonies – Comprehension Check
Question 1:
Where did most of the colonists in the Middle Colonies come from?
A. Spain
B. Netherlands

13. Middle Colonies – Comprehension Check
Question 2:
What is the main cash crop in the Middle Colonies?
A. Cotton
B. Wheat

14. The Southern Colonies

15. Geography Location Terrain Weather and Resources
South of the Mason-Dixon Line
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
Terrain
Coastal area (Tidewater)
Flat lowland with many swampy areas
Rolling hills (Piedmont)
Weather and Resources
Climate is warm and humid
hot summers with long growing season
Farming: tobacco and rice

16. Establishment
In 1632 King Charles I granted charter for a colony in Maryland
Chartered by the Catholics
Were discriminated greatly in England
Led by George Calvert
Goal: to create a colony where Catholics could live safely
First settlers included both Catholics and Protestants
Religious toleration
Act of Toleration in 1649
All adult male Christians the right to vote and hold office

17. Growth and Change Two distinct ways of life The Tidewater region
Plantations – crops of cotton, sugar, tobacco, and rice
Helped promote the spread of slavery
The Backcountry
Cut off from the coast by poor roads and long distances
Families lived in isolated farms

18. Southern Colonies – Comprehension Check
Question 1:
What is the climate in the Southern Colonies?
A. Cold and rainy
B. Warm and humid

19. Southern Colonies – Comprehension Check
Question 2:
What are the two distinct ways of life in the Southern Colonies?
A. Tidewater and Backcountry
B. Tidewater and Piedmont

20. The English colonies developed along distinct regional lines
Summary
The English colonies developed along distinct regional lines
They were founded for many reasons including religious and political freedom, economy, and conquest