1. Chapter 4 The Colonies Develop

2. Where would you settle? THINK about this…
Would you settle on a farm? Why?
Would you settle in a town? Why?
How would you make a living?

3. Regions Develop
By 1750, more than 1 million settlers called the English colonies home.
The colonies formed into 3 regions:
New England Colonies
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
WHY? Different climate, resources and people in each region made them different.

4. The New England Colonies
Made up of:
Massachusetts (including Maine)
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Quick Look:
Climate
Resources
People
Long, cold winters / short growing season
Rocky soil / not good for planting
Forests & sea
English settlers

5. A picture of Boston – one of the largest cities at the time

6. The New England Colonies Economy
Rocky soil and a short growing season = little farming.
Subsistence farming – produced just enough food for themselves & little to trade.
Atlantic Ocean provided a fishing/whaling industry.
New England’s forests provided timber / lumber to build boats to fish.
Economic Activity
Fishing, whaling, shipbuilding,
lumber, little farming, trading

7. The New England Colonies Trade
Triangular Trade – trading route with 3 stops. (makes a triangle)
Slaves, rum, spices, tobacco, rice, indigo, gold, sugar & molasses
EXAMPLE – ship leaves New England with rum. Stopped in Africa, traded rum for slaves. Stopped in West Indies, traded slaves for sugar & molasses. Came home with sugar & molasses.
Navigation Acts – laws passed by England to ensure they make money from trading.
EXAMPLE – taxing any goods not shipped to England. All shipping to be done in English ships (make $).

8. Triangular Trade

9. The New England Colonies Society
Few slaves in New England. WHY? Not many farms where slaves could work.
Some slaves did work as house servants, cooks.
Blacks in New England could buy their way to freedom. New England had more free blacks than any other region.
Puritan religion began to decrease (fade out)
WHY? Increasing competition from other religions
Cared more about business and $$$$ than religion.

10. The Middle Colonies Made up of: New York Pennsylvania New Jersey
Delaware
Quick Look:
Climate
Resources
People
Short winters / long growing season
Fertile soil / good for planting
Diverse population
Dutch & German farmers

11. The Middle Colonies Economy
Diverse population – immigrants from all over Europe came to take advantage of productive land.
LONG growing season = LOTS of farming.
Grew cash crops – crops raised & sold for money.
Produced so much bread / grain products, they became known as the Breadbasket Colonies.
Economic Activity
Farming (grain & bread), BIG cities from -
Trades

12. The Middle Colonies Cities
Harbors & rivers along the coast were ideal cites for BIG cities to form.
New York City
Philadelphia (fastest growing city in colonies)
WHY? Use water for transportation/trade routes
Had diversity (variety) of different people
EXAMPLE – French, Swedish, Welsh, German, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish, African

13. The Middle Colonies Religion/Society
There were many different religions because of the many different people.
People in Middle Colonies were very tolerant (accepting) of different religions.
Quakers in Pennsylvania honored religious tolerance (letting you believe what you wanted).
Quakers believed all people were equal
Did not believe in slavery
Slavery did exist in the Middle Colonies, about 7% of the population were enslaved. Many worked in big cities (New York)

14. The Southern Colonies Made up of: Maryland Virginia North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Quick Look:
Climate
Resources
People
Year-round growing season
Fertile soil / good for planting
English & Enslaved Africans

15. The Southern Colonies Economy
Year-round growing season = rice, tobacco, & indigo crops.
Needed much labor to produce these cash crops (slaves)
Plantations formed - large farm that raises cash crops
Tried to force Native Americans to work, but they caught disease. To meet the labor need, planters used enslaved Africans.
African pop. grew in South. 85% lived in Southern Colonies
Economic Activity
Plantation farming (tobacco, rice, indigo), slave labor needed

16. The Southern Colonies Economy & Slavery
Slave intensive crops = rice & indigo
Indigo - a plant that makes a deep blue dye.
Rice required back-breaking labor & skill. Many West Africans had these skills
Planters became wealthy off $$ from crops. They called themselves the Planter Class
They would buy more slaves with
their money to make more money.

18. Life As A Slave
Overseers were men hired by the slave owner to watch over and direct the work of slaves.
Work 15 hours a day, lived in small one-room houses, little food.
Africans preserved many customs – dances, music, stories and even religion
Strong family values

19. Identify the 13 Colonies New York New Hampshire Pennsylvania
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Jersey
Virginia
Delaware
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia

20. Natural border Appalachian Mountains - known as the Backcountry
What natural border lies west of the thirteen colonies that prevented settlers from moving too far west?
Appalachian Mountains - known as the Backcountry

21. Visual Summary Back to Transparencies
NEW ENGLAND: COMMERCE AND RELIGION
New England was distinguished by its small farming towns and profitable fishing and trade.
MIDDLE COLONIES: FARMS AND CITIES
Middle Colony farms produced large cash crops that fueled trade in its coastal cities.
THE SOUTHERN COLONIES: PLANTATIONS AND SLAVERY
The South’s plantation economy and large number of enslaved Africans made it different from the other regions.
THE BACKCOUNTRY
The Backcountry was distant from the denser coastal populations, so settlers there developed an independent and rugged way of life.
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