Jump Start Which State was the first to secede from the Union just before the Civil War?Which State was the first to secede from the Union just before the Civil War? What actions did the Confederacy take right after the first ‘wave’ of states seceded?What actions did the Confederacy take right after the first ‘wave’ of states seceded? The Civil War has been called by many names:The Civil War has been called by many names: War of Southern Rebellion War of Northern Aggression War for Southern Independence Second American Revolution Why do you think so and whose names would each be?

The Civil War First Shots 1861 First Shots 1861

Problems at Ft. Sumter So. consolidates their new country after Lincoln gets elected. Seven states had seceded. South takes possession of Federal property in their states - forts, land, banks, etc… Order Ft. Sumter to surrender to Confederacy, but Major Anderson resists & advises Lincoln. Lincoln sends food, but not ammo & SC attacks!

Why did the Confederacy fire at Fort Sumter in April, 1861?

Anaconda Plan Limited War to suppress insurrection & bring the South back to the UnionLimited War to suppress insurrection & bring the South back to the Union Naval Blockade of Southern ports & rivers to surround and suffocate (Anaconda Snake)Naval Blockade of Southern ports & rivers to surround and suffocate (Anaconda Snake) Soldiers would support Northern gunboats along Mississippi River.Soldiers would support Northern gunboats along Mississippi River. Capture the Rebel Capital - RichmondCapture the Rebel Capital - Richmond

North’s Strategic Problems “Anaconda” took time building & waiting“Anaconda” took time building & waiting No. had to win…So. had only not to lose. Revolutionary War parallelsNo. had to win…So. had only not to lose. Revolutionary War parallels Big territory to watch over – lots of holes that supplies could slip through.Big territory to watch over – lots of holes that supplies could slip through. Keep ‘border’ states in the Union – CRITICAL TO WINKeep ‘border’ states in the Union – CRITICAL TO WIN

Which States are ‘Border’ States?

Which States are ‘Border’ States

So. Strategic Problems “Fire-eaters” want a victory and attacks“Fire-eaters” want a victory and attacks States don’t all agree on how war should be fought.States don’t all agree on how war should be fought. Keep troops home to defend their states Articles of Confederation parallelsKeep troops home to defend their states Articles of Confederation parallels Big territory to defend – scattered forcesBig territory to defend – scattered forces

Strategic Army Deployments 1861 North – Along the Potomac River - must defend Washington – Federal Arsenals & along key rivers South – Key rail lines – must defend the few that it had. – Around Richmond, CSA’s new capital

Results of Bull Run Northern caution about invading Virginia.Northern caution about invading Virginia. Renews efforts to prepare for war.Renews efforts to prepare for war. Authorizes 1 million new recruits.Authorizes 1 million new recruits. Makes McClellan Commander of Army of the Potomac.Makes McClellan Commander of Army of the Potomac. Southern confidence explodesSouthern confidence explodes Reassured many that they had won the warReassured many that they had won the war Protected the South against an invasion for many months – uncertainty that No. could winProtected the South against an invasion for many months – uncertainty that No. could win

1862 – Rivers & the West Ulysses S Grant headed Army of the WestUlysses S Grant headed Army of the West Wins 2 battles in Tennessee using river gunboats and aggressive attack tactics.Wins 2 battles in Tennessee using river gunboats and aggressive attack tactics. At Battle of Shiloh Creek – Grant turns loss into winAt Battle of Shiloh Creek – Grant turns loss into win Forces Rebel Army from ‘Border States’Forces Rebel Army from ‘Border States’ Gives “Anaconda” a chance succeed – control the MississippiGives “Anaconda” a chance succeed – control the Mississippi

Forts Henry & Donelson, TN

Ironclad Ships Grant & Farragut used “ironclads” on rivers to help win in the West

New Weapons of War President Lincoln looks on as a new machine gun is test fired, late 1861.

Shiloh Creek, TN

Immense Casualties Another Union Win in the West 20,000 killed and wounded (both sides) Almost double that of Bull Run (Manassas) Convinced both sides of a long war. Launched country into TOTAL WAR.

Threatening the Capitals Anaconda” Part III called for capturing Richmond, but McClellan kept finding reasons to avoid attacking.“Anaconda” Part III called for capturing Richmond, but McClellan kept finding reasons to avoid attacking. Finally meets Lee’s army outside Richmond in “Seven Days” Battles.Finally meets Lee’s army outside Richmond in “Seven Days” Battles. Lee continuously outmaneuvers McClellan & he retreats abandoning the siege of Richmond.Lee continuously outmaneuvers McClellan & he retreats abandoning the siege of Richmond. Gets lucky & finds Rebel orders – engages at Antietam and win a big victory.Gets lucky & finds Rebel orders – engages at Antietam and win a big victory.