1. No End in Sight
Chapter 16, Section 3

2. Union Victories in the West
*Union General: Ulysses S. Grant *Under Grant, Union forces captured two Confederate river forts in Tenn. -Fort Henry -Fort Donelson *Importance: opened up a river highway into the heart of the South!

3. *Union gunboats could now travel on the river as far as northern Alabama! *As a result of Grant’s victories, Confederate troops retreated along the Western front….BUT Grant followed!

4. Battle of Shiloh *April 1862: near Shiloh Church in Tenn.
-North won but at a terrible cost
-Dead/wounded Union soldiers: >13,000
-Dead/wounded Confederate soldiers: around 11,000
*Battle with highest casualties so far.

5. The Fall of New Orleans
*New Orleans was the largest city in the South.
*Union fleet captured New Orleans – HUGE blow to the South!
*After the victories in Tenn. And New Orleans, the Union controlled most of the Miss. River.
*North on its way to cutting the Confederacy in two.

7. Robert E. Lee Claims Victories in the East
*Seven Days’ Battles: June 25 to July 1, 1862 Union and Confederate forces fought for control of Virginia.
-Union forces retreated!
*August 1862 – Confederates won a second victory at Bull Run.
*Union troops retreated to Washington!
*In just a few months, Lee ended the Union threat in Virginia!

8. Lee Attacks the North
*Encouraged by his victories, Lee invaded the North *Sept – led troops into Maryland *Several reasons for attacking North: -Hoped a victory would force Lincoln to talk peace

9. -Invasion would give Virginia farmers a break from the war during harvest season -Hoped a successful invasion would convince Europe to side with the South (Britain and France impressed by Lee’s victories)

10. Battle of Antietam
*Soon after invading Maryland, Lee drew up a plan for his campaign in the North *Officer accidentally left a copy of Lee’s battle plans *When Union troops stopped to rest at the abandoned campsite, the plans were discovered! *This gave the Union army an advantage!

11. Union troops caught up with Confederate troops on Sept
*Union troops caught up with Confederate troops on Sept. 17, 1862 at Antietam Creek, Maryland *Bloodiest day in all of American history. *By nightfall neither side gained any ground *About 25,000 men were dead/wounded *Lee lost 1/3 of his men and withdrew to Virginia

12. *Union army did not follow and finish the job!
*Abraham Lincoln was so fed up he fired General McClellan.