A r t e M i d t e r m T h e E l e m e n t s a n d P r i n c i p a l s o f D e s i g n B r i a n n a R o s e

The Elements of Design L I N E S H A P E V A L U E F O R M T E X T U R E C O L O R S P A C E Formal elements that are the most fundamental components of a work of art; also called visual elements and sensory properties.

LINE A line is a thin mark made by a pencil, pen, chalk, brush or similar tool; an outline or edge around a shape. Lines can reveal a lot of detail. Three Penny Novel By Rico Lebrun

Shap e An enclosed area, defined by its boundaries

Geometric Shape Abstract Shape

2D Shape Figure/Ground This refers to the tendency to divide a visual pattern into two kinds of shapes. Figure is the focus and attention of the work and ground in the remaining area. The figure(s) appear to be on top of ground and surrounded by the ground.

3D Form Something that takes up real space and also has real weight, density and bulk.

Value The relative lightness and darkness of a color; also used to describe a scale of grays from light to dark.

High Key (light)

Low Key (dark) Value

Texture Texture is the surface quality of things; smooth, rough, glossy, matte, and so forth.

Simulated Texture Depicted in realistic paintings and photography, simulated texture is sometimes more important than the texture of the work itself. Although simulated texture is vivid, it cannot be touched.

Actual Texture Real Texture

Color Color is a visual element with three properties: hue (the quality that distinguishes one “color” from another, as red from green), value (lightness or darkness), and intensity (brightness or dullness ).

Primary Colors These are the basic colors from which all others may be mixed: red, yellow, and blue. Green, orange, and violet: Each of these colors can be made by mixing any two of the primary colors. Secondary Colors Any color made by mixing one primary and one secondary hue. Tertiary Colors

Monochromatic Color Scheme Different shades/variations of the same color.

Warm Colors Reds, yellows, yellow- oranges, red- violets, yellow- greens, and red- oranges; and colors (hues) in which red or yellow predominates; the opposite of cool colors they are likely to evoke warmth and excitement. Many relate red to fire and blood and yellow to the sun. Blues, blue- greens, blue- purples; these are hues in which blue predominates; the opposite of warm colors they are likely to have a quieting effect, blue resembling water or the sky. Cool Colors

Neutral Colors Gray, white, black, or very dull browns, these colors cannot be identified with any of the spectrum hues.

Space Space is the area between or surrounding shapes in two dimensional art; also called volume in three dimensional art; sometimes referred to as negative art.

The PRINCIPLES Of Design E M P H A S I S U N I T Y B A L A N C E V A R I E T Y C O N T R A S T P R O P O R t i o n R E P E T I T I O N Guidelines for composing an artwork; the way in which an artist employs the art elements in composing a work of art; also called formal properties.

Emphasis Also know as dominance, emphasis is the center of interest. Visually, it is a function of size, brilliance, location and contrast with surroundings.

Emphasis of Color One color predominates.

Emphasis of Shape Predominance of shape.

Unity Unity is the state of being one, indivisible; in art, a perception that nothing is missing and nothing is extraneous.

Proximity Grouping Grouping some things close together to reduce the number of focal points.

Similarity Similarity is a way to connect things without grouping them together.

Balance Balance is the appearance of equilibrium in an art work.

Symmetrical Balance Symmetrical balance is similar in some respects to geometric objects; they are inherently balanced.

Asymmetrical Balance Asymmetrical balance is having equal visual weight on either side of its axis, but the visual elements producing it are not identical.

Radial Balance This is when similar parts are distributed evenly around a central axis.

Variety Variety is the differences between and among elements or features of a composition.

Contrast is the use of opposing elements. For example, opposite colors on the wheel like red/green, blue/orange. Can also be seen in value, size, etc. Contrast

Proportion (Scale) The relationship of size between objects.

Repetition This is the reoccurrence of elements within a piece: colors, lines, shapes, values, etc. Any element that occurs is generally echoed with some variation to keep interest.

Rhyth m In an artwork, rhythm is a repetition of elements or features that are identical or similar.

Regular Rhythm Regular rhythm is the repetition of elements that are the same or nearly the same in regular sequences.

Irregular Rhythm Irregular rhythms might repeat throughout a painting without any exact duplication.

Pattern Pattern uses the art elements in planned or random repetitions to enhance surfaces of painting or sculptures. They often occur in nature and artists use similar repeated motifs to create pattern in their work. Pattern also increases visual excitement by enriching surface interest.

Straight Grid Repeat Pattern This is a pattern that contains grids of two or more lines that are equally spaced apart.

Half- drop Repeat This repeat system is a variation on the full drop system. In every second row the squares are dropped down vertically to the depth of half a square.

A reflection pattern is when the motif reflects, as in a mirror.

Rotational Pattern A rotation pattern is when the motif turns.

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