The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution Defined: The rapid transformation of production from made by hand in domestic settings to made by machine in factories. Amazing things occur that change the world, but it also comes at the cost of Environmental destruction and often poor working conditions.

Timeline Began in Great Britain with the Agricultural Revolution in the 1700s Spread to the European continent by the Napoleonic Wars. Spreads to the United States.

Agricultural Revolution The industrial revolution was preceded by an agricultural revolution. In the agricultural revolution the principles of science were applied to improve agriculture. Developments included Crop Rotation, and the Enclosure Movement.

Major Problem English farmers could only use half of their fields for food production because after a year or two of a certain crop the field would lose its nutrients and no longer support that crop anymore. What could you do to solve the problem?

Crop Rotation

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Agricultural Revolution As a result the production of food and other agricultural goods increased but required less labor. This allows many the population to grow and more people to move to the cities.

Inventions Previously most goods were made by hand in small shops. New inventions like the Flying Shuttle, Spinning Jenny, Steam Engine and the cotton gin.

Mass Production and Factories All of these inventions led to the creation of large factories in the cities that created goods that were cheaper to produce, consistent, and mass produced.

Why did the Industrial Revolution Occur in Great Britain Great Britain valued creativity and individual freedom. Rise of the Middle Class This put money in the pockets of lots of consumers who could buy all of these products.

Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution New technology produced in 1800s. Automobile, Steam Engine, Train, Steam boat, Camera, Light bulb, telephone, telegraph, electric coil. Population growth: Population in England from 11 million in 1800 to 37 million in 1910.

Living Conditions Poor sanitary conditions and building controls. Lack of running water and indoor plumbing. Frequent epidemics sweeping through the slums.

Working Conditions Industrializing creating new jobs for workers. Factories are dirty and unsanitary. Workers have long days and unsafe conditions. Many of the workers are children.

Creation of new social classes 1.Growth of the new middle class made up factory owners, shippers, and merchants. 2.Upper class of landowners and aristocrats resentful of rich middle class. 3.Workers overworked and underpaid.

Child Labor Many children had to work in unsafe conditions and for long hours and poor pay. This was instead of going to school which was often not an option for poorer children. Many children got sick and even died every year.