1. Industrial Revolution

2.  Industrial Revolution Overview  A time of greatly increased output of machine-made goods drastically changing the way people lived and worked  Began in ENGLAND but quickly spread through Europe and to the US

3. Industrial Revolution  Causes  Agricultural Revolution  ENCLOSURES  Forced small farmers off land to create large farms  Done to INCREASE PRODUCTION as population increased  Forced small farmers to the cities  Crop Rotation  Rotation of crops to different fields each season produced HIGHER crop amounts

4. Industrial Revolution  Causes  Scientific Revolution  Scientific discoveries, new machines, printing press, exploration, etc.

5. Industrial Revolution  Why England?  Large population of workers due to enclosure  Abundant natural resources  Water power  Coal and iron ore  Rivers for inland trade  Many harbors for international trade  Political/Economic Stability  Isolated from European wars  Parliamentary system successful for hundreds of years  Parliament monetarily supported entrepreneurs  Financially successful colonies with abundant resources

6. England 1701 & 1911

7. Industrial Revolution  Effects  Greater need to move goods  TRANSPORTATION rapidly improved  Better roadways, canals, tunnels, etc.  Steam engine  Steam boats  Railroads  Extensive systems become necessity  Factory engines

9. Locomotives

10. Industrialization

11.  Industrialization Overview  Process of SOCIAL and ECONOMIC change that modernizes a human group  Social change and economic development are closely related with TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

12. Urbanization

14. Industrialization  Effects of Industrialization  GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES  Factories for efficient production  Urbanization: rapid movement to cities  POOR LIVING CONDITIONS  Small cities became too big too fast  Poor sanitary conditions  Insufficient housing, education, security  Air and water pollution

15. Living Conditions: Tenements

16. Slums of Urbanization

17. Industrialization  Effects of Industrialization (cont.)  POOR WORKING CONDITIONS  14 hour days, 6 days/week, poor pay  Workers had to keep up with machines  Child Labor

18. Child Labor

19. Poor Working Conditions

20. Industrialization  Effects of Industrialization (cont.)  Class Tension  Rise of middle class  Upper-middle class  factory owners and merchants grew wealthy and influential in politics  Lower-middle class  factory foremen, skilled tradesmen, supervisors lived comfortably  Many living in extreme poverty and working class begins to replace peasant class  Aristocracy resents upper-middle class  Being pushed out of power  Workers resent upper-middle class  Gap between classes getting larger