The “Golden Door”  Reasons for Moving:  Famine  Land Shortages  Religious Persecution  Political Persecution  “Birds of Passage”

Entering the United States Ellis Island- Europeans, NY Harbor, Inspections Angel Island- Chinese, San Francisco Bay, Inspections

Means of Survival…  What do you need to start your life over?  How do you get it when everything you have is in one suitcase?  Survival:  Political Machines  Political Bosses  Ethnic Communities

Immigration Restrictions  Nativism:  Over favoritism toward native-born Americans  Chinese Exclusion Act :  Banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials  Gentlemen’s Agreement: ( )  Japan’s government agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers to the United States in exchange for the repeal of the San Francisco segregation order

Jacob Riis: “How the Other Half Lives”  “Be a little careful, please! The hall is dark and you might stumble over the children pitching pennies back there. Not that it would hurt them; kicks and cuffs are their daily diet. They have little else…”

How did it start???  Urbanization: growth of cities  Cities were cheaper and convenient  Americanization Movement  Schools for Immigrants:  English Literacy, American History, government, cooking, and social etiquette  Did not abandon Traditions (Ethnic Communities)

Urban Problems  Housing:  House  Tenements  Why would the tenements actually be the better option for immigrants versus buying a house?

Urban Problems  Transportation  Mass Transit  Water  Sanitation  Crime

Urban Problems: Enemy of the City The Great Chicago Fire (Oct. 1871) San Francisco Quake ( April 1906)

Solutions…  Social Gospel Movement: Service to the Poor  Settlement House: Community Centers  Jane Addams:  HULL HOUSE