Paris Peace Conference

(1) Decision-makers and their Objectives Lloyd George (Br) Wilson (USA) Georges Clemenceau(Fr) Orlando (Ita)

carry out the Fourteen Points to maintain peace and justice 威爾遜(Woodrow Wilson) Wilson’s Objectives: carry out the Fourteen Points to maintain peace and justice win the support of other countries to set up the League of Nations

克里孟梭(Georges Clemenceau) Clemenceau’s objectives Take revenge on Germany undermine the German strength forever

勞萊喬治(David Lloyd George) Lloyd George’s objectives Take over German colonies Maintain British supreme position in naval strength maintain balance of power in Europe

Germany Britain France Italy USA A cartoon showing the attitude of the Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference.

(2) Final Resolutions The following was imposed by the victorious countries on the defeated countries in the treaties between 1919 and 1920: Disarmament Indemnity Cession of land

The Defeated countries were not invited to attend the conference. The representatives had to wait outside the conference venues. 5

Territorial changes in Germany after the Paris Peace Conference Germany in 1914 12

《Treaty of Versailles》 (1) Loss of Territories

Alsace and Lorraine would be returned to France. East Prussia was to be separated from the mainland Germany. The Saar Coalfied was to be under the control of the League of Nations for 15 years. German colonies would be divided between Belgium, Great Britain, France, and Japan. The Rhineland would be occupied by Allied troops for a period of 15 years Austria would not be permitted to integrate into Germany.

German colonies in Africa

German colonies in the Pacific

(2) Disarmament Armed forces would be reduced to no more than 100,000 men. Conscription was to be abolished Armed forces were prohibited from entering or fortifying the Rhineland. Poison gas, armed aircraft, tanks, submarines and armoured cars would be prohibited. Naval forces would be reduced to 15000 men.

(3) War Indemnity Germany had to pay an indemnity of £6,600 million for the damage caused by her during the First World War.

(4) War Guilt Clause/ Article 231 The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies. Germany was responsible for causing all the loss and damage to the people of the Allies during the First World War.

Germany was buried by the Allies Germany was guillotined by the Allies The following German cartoons were drawn in 1919. What messages can you read? Germany was buried by the Allies Germany was guillotined by the Allies

A 1920 German cartoon showing British and French people were engulfing Germany.

Germany shall be compelled to give 140,000 milch cows to the victors. The German crowd protested against the Treaty of Versailles at the Reichstag. Germany shall be compelled to give 140,000 milch cows to the victors. 8

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This is not peace. This is an armistice for twenty years.

Treaty of Saint-Germain, 1919: Austria had to recognize the independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Yugoslavia. pay an indemnity. reduce the armed force to 30,000 men. be forbidden from uniting with Germany. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVRsHdtn-SI

Other Treaties: Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria, 1919 Treaty of Trianon with Hungary, 1920 Treaties of Sèvres with Turkey, 1920

Dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire