1. BELLWORK: Block 2 List four problems Russia faced during WWI.
What was the outcome of the March Revolution?
Who was Vladimir Lenin? What did he promise the Russian people?
What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
THINKER: Why do you think Russians found communism appealing at the time?

3. “Freedom in a capitalist society always remains about the same as it was in ancient Rome; freedom for slave owners.”

4. Germany’s surrender, effects of war, and Treaty of Versailles
The End of world war i

5. What happened to Russia?
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Russia makes peace with Central Powers; loses territory of Poland, Ukraine, Finland, and Baltic states.
Effects: Ends involvement in WWI, but worsens relations with the Allied powers.

6. Towards the End of War British blockade was starving Germany
Introduction of tanks ended stalemate
Allied convoy system shut down U-boat attacks
Revolution spread in Europe
Allied powers launch huge offensive on August 8, 1918  invade Germany!
Allied troops continued to advance; German industry/military fails
Towards the End of War

10. Collapse of the Central Powers
Ottoman Empire surrenders (10/30/18)
States declare independence from A-H (11/3/18)

11. End of WWI 11/11/1918: Germany surrenders
Leader steps down and a provisional government is established

13. End of WWI
Extremely high death toll….why?

14. Central Powers Countries Total Mobilized Killed & Died Wounded
Prisoners & Missing
Total Casualties
Casualties % Mobilized
Germany
11,000,000
1,773,700
4,216,058
1,152,800
7,142,558
64.9
Austria-Hungary
7,800,000
1,200,000
3,620,000
2,200,000
7,020,000
90.0
Turkey
2,850,000
325,000
400,000
250,000
975,000
34.2
Bulgaria
87,500
152,390
27,029
266,919
22.2
Total
22,850,000
3,386,200
8,388,448
3,629,829
15,404,477
67.4
Grand Total
65,038,810
8,538,315
21,219,452
7,750,919
37,508,686
57.6

15. Casualties % Mobilized
Allied Powers
Countries
Total Mobilized
Killed & Died
Wounded
Prisoners & Missing
Total Casualties
Casualties % Mobilized
Russia
12,000,000
1,700,000
4,950,000
2,500,000
9,150,000
76.3
France
8,410,000
1,357,800
4,266,000
537,000
6,160,800
British Empire
8,904,467
908,371
2,090,212
191,652
3,190,235
35.8
Italy
5,615,000
650,000
947,000
600,000
2,197,000
39.1
United States
4,355,000
126,000
234,300
4,500
364,800
8.2
Serbia
707,343
45,000
133,148
152,958
331,106
46.8
Belgium
267,000
13,716
44,686
34,659
93,061
34.9
Total
42,188,810
5,152,115
12,831,004
4,121,090
22,104,209
52.3

16. War is over…..now what?
In January 1919, delegates from 27 nations gathered in Paris to create the Treaty of Versailles.
Most decisions were led by the “Big Four”

17. Partner Discussion
Put yourself in the shoes of “The Big Three” powers. Make a prediction  What does each country want at the end of WWI? Consider what their country is fearful of, their view towards other European countries and how they want the future of Europe to look.

18. The Big Four & their goals for the Treaty
Woodrow Wilson (US)
Freedom, independence, League of Nations
Georges Clemenceau (France)
Revenge, Security, Money
David Lloyd George (Great Britain)
Allow slow recovery, protection
Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
Land, weapons

19. The Big Four at Versailles in 1919

20. Where were Germany and Russia?

21. GERMANY ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR STARTING THE WAR
The War Guilt Clause
"The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associate Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of a war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her Allies."
Article 231
GERMANY ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR STARTING THE WAR 21

22. Treaty of Versailles: Military Changes
With Germany’s armed forces:
The German army was to be reduced to 100,000 men.
It was not allowed to have tanks.
Germany was not allowed to have an air force
The German navy was to have no submarines or large battle-ships
The area known as the Rhineland was to be de-militarized.
The Allies were to occupy the west bank of the Rhine for fifteen years.

23. 23

24. Political/Territorial Changes
The Saar coalfields were given to France for fifteen years
Political/Territorial Changes
Germany lost ALL of her overseas colonies 24

25. Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria25

26. 9 new countries created….26

27. Political Changes: Creation of the League of Nations
Worldwide organization aimed at ensuring security and peace for all its members.
Based off of Wilson’s 14 points for peace (called for an end to alliances)

28. Economic changes: REPARATIONS
Germany agreed to pay for the damage caused by her armies during the war. The sum she had to pay was later fixed at 132 billion marks (~$31.4 billion in 1920; ~$395 billion in 2015) 28

29. Make a prediction…..
How do you think German citizens responded to the Treaty?
Most Germans believed that the War Guilt Clause was unjustified. The French and British had done just as much to start the war
The loss of territory and population angered most Germans who believed that the losses were too severe.
Many felt this would cripple the economy

30. WWI Project

31. What do YOU think?
Why were Russia & Germany left out of the Paris Peace Conference?
Was the Treaty of Versailles fair?