1. The Conclusion of WWI Parisians welcoming President Wilson.
Londoners celebrating the armistice.
The Conclusion of WWI

2. Restoring the Peace
Europeans & Americans hoped US Pres. Woodrow Wilson would restore world peace.
Before the war ended, Wilson created the Fourteen Points (peace plan  included freedom of seas, arms limitations, & end all secret alliances)
2 major international reservations to using Wilson’s plan for peace negotiations w/Germany.
1) British- objected to the idea of open seas
2) French- reparations, payments for damages, should be included in any settlement

3. The Paris Peace Conference
January delegates in Paris  5 separate peace treaties known as the Peace of Paris.
Heads of state, “Big Four”, attended the conference:
President Wilson of the US
Prime Minister Clemenceau of France
Prime Minister George of Great Britain
Prime Minister Orlando of Italy
Gap b/tw  idealistic goals of Wilson & the nationalistic goals of French, British, & Italian leaders.
Wilson’s chief aim  support the League of Nations.

4. The Treaty of Versailles
Spelled out details of Allied settlement w/ Germany.
Militarily:
reduced the German army
banned conscription (draft)
banned manufacturing major war weapons
Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France
Germany lost overseas colonies
For 15 years, France control the coal-rich Saar Basin
Allied forces occupied Rhineland region of Germany
Germany renounced Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Russia)

5. Allies reestablished Poland out of Germany, A-H, & Russia
Baltic Sea access: Poland received Polish Corridor (land separating E. Prussia from Germany
Allies received Germany’s overseas colonies (mandates, territories administered by other countries)
Allies demanded Germany accept blame for the war
Germany pay reparations for Allied war costs & damages
Allies signed treaty at Palace of Versailles on June 28, 1919
4 of Wilson’s 14 Points & 9 supplementary principles emerged in the treaty, including Covenant of the League of Nations.

8. Other Settlements
Allies signed separate peace agreements w/Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, & Turkey.
Allies recognized breakup of A-H. Austria was small, economically weak
From Austria, Italy received German-speaking areas in the Alps
Italy wanted the port on the Adriatic  Wilson refused
New nations in E. Europe  Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, & Yugoslavia.
Cordon sanitaire (quarantine line) buffer against threats from Russia or Germany.
Middle East- Allies divided what was left of the Ottoman Empire.
Arabs did not receive the independence that Great Britain had promised them.

9. Bitter Fruits Disillusionment set in after WWI
millions of people died & destroyed the homes & lives of millions
Germans resented their loss in WWI.
German economic strength remained intact,
harsh provisions of the ToV left Germany weakened, humiliated, and deprived of great-power status.
Germans’ festering resentment burst forth upon the world with an even greater violence two decades later in the form of Nazism.