1. WARM UP
How did the technological advancements in military weaponry change the way that wars were fought, starting with the Great War (WWI)

2. The Peace Settlement of WWI
The Peace Settlement of WWI

3. Wilson’s Fourteen Points: Basis for Peace
Freedom of the seas in peace and in war
Removal of economic barriers between nations
Reduction of national armaments
Self-determination for all nations
Adjustment of colonial claims, based on interests of the subject peoples
German Evacuation of :
Russian, Belgian, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro territory
Evacuation and restoration of France, and return of Alsace –Lorraine
An adjustment of borders for Italy and the new Turkey
Establishment of an independent Poland
A League of Nations
Functioned as a peace keeping organization, U.S. didn’t join.

4. The Paris Peace Conference
Formally opened January 18, 1919
Attended by 32 allied nations
Excluded
The defeated nations
Russia
Dominated by the 4 major Allied Nations
Woodrow Wilson: The United States
Hailed by the European public as a “Messiah”
Desired long lasting peace to avoid another war
Georges Clemenceau: France
Wanted Revenge on Germany
David Lloyd George: Great Britain
Concerned for British Naval Supremacy.
Wanted to punish Germany
Premier Vittorio Orlando: Italy.
Wanted territory from Austria
They got upset and left the conference

5. The Treaty of Versailles
Germany forced to sign on June 28, 1919
Germany Lost
All her colonies and “spheres of influence”
Alsace-Lorraine to France
Claim to part of Poland
Territory to new Baltic states
Significant areas of resources such as iron, coal, and agricultural land
Forced to pay Reparations in gold - amount later fixed at $32 Billion
Restrictions on Germany
Rhineland area of 30 miles wide on right bank of the Rhine demilitarized - and occupied by Allied troops for minimum of 15 years
Army limited to 100k men, with no conscription
No military planes, tanks, heavy artillery, or submarines
Navy limited to six warships and a few lesser craft
Article 231: The War Guilt Clause
Germany forced to admit sole responsibility for causing World War I
This is the most unjustified feature of the treaty, and a psychological blow to German pride preparing the way for Hitler’s appeal to the Germans.

6. The Treaty of St. Germain with Austria
Sept. 1919
Similar to the treaty with Germany, but actually harsher on the new state of Austria
Prohibited from unifying with Germany ever again
Territory reduced to an area one-tenth the size of the former Hapsburg Empire
Austrian army and navy limited
Reparations also imposed
Forced to recognize the independence of the newly created nations
Czechoslovakia-which incorporated 3 million Germans
Yugoslavia
Poland – created with territory from Germany and Russia
Hungary

7. http://www. the-map-as-history

8. The New Map of Europe