Warming up of the Cold War

United Nations New International peace keeping organization New International peace keeping organization 191 members today 191 members today Membership in the United Nations is open to all peace-loving states which accept the obligations of the Charter and, in the judgement of the Organization, are willing and able to carry out these obligations. Membership in the United Nations is open to all peace-loving states which accept the obligations of the Charter and, in the judgement of the Organization, are willing and able to carry out these obligations.

Battle for territory Poland issue: Elections Poland issue: Elections United States: United States: –Roosevelt passes away, Truman becomes President –Wanted to bring democracy and economic opportunity to Europe –Open up new markets Soviet Union: Soviet Union: –Rebuild to protect their interest –Satellite nations to serve as buffer zones against attacks

Soviet Union gains ground Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Iron Curtain has fallen Iron Curtain has fallen –Communist domination and oppression

United States: Containment Resist attempts to form Communist governments elsewhere in the world Resist attempts to form Communist governments elsewhere in the world Critics say policy is too moderate Critics say policy is too moderate Kennan: argued that the Soviet system bears within it the seeds of its own decay Kennan: argued that the Soviet system bears within it the seeds of its own decay Truman Doctrine: Truman Doctrine: –“…. It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.”

Entering the Atomic Age Atomic Bomb Atomic Bomb Catastrophic nuclear was war became a backdrop to the Cold War policies of both the United States and the Soviet Union Catastrophic nuclear was war became a backdrop to the Cold War policies of both the United States and the Soviet Union n&rls=GWYG,GWYG: ,GWYG:en&sa=N&resnum=0&q=Atomic %20Bomb&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&tab=wv n&rls=GWYG,GWYG: ,GWYG:en&sa=N&resnum=0&q=Atomic %20Bomb&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&tab=wv n&rls=GWYG,GWYG: ,GWYG:en&sa=N&resnum=0&q=Atomic %20Bomb&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&tab=wv n&rls=GWYG,GWYG: ,GWYG:en&sa=N&resnum=0&q=Atomic %20Bomb&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&tab=wv

Marshall Plan Help restore the war-torn nations of Europe to create stable democracies and achieve economic recovery Help restore the war-torn nations of Europe to create stable democracies and achieve economic recovery 21 million homeless 21 million homeless Poland: lost 20% of population Poland: lost 20% of population 1 of 5 houses in France lost 1 of 5 houses in France lost U.S. sent $13 billion in grants and loans to Western Europe U.S. sent $13 billion in grants and loans to Western Europe

Berlin airlift Background: Germany was split into 4 regions between U.S., Britain, France & Russia Background: Germany was split into 4 regions between U.S., Britain, France & Russia France, G.B. & U.S. create Federal Republic of Germany France, G.B. & U.S. create Federal Republic of Germany Russia responds with creating German Democratic Republic Russia responds with creating German Democratic Republic Currency issue arises between West and East Germany Currency issue arises between West and East Germany Russia imposes a blockade to cut off Western help Russia imposes a blockade to cut off Western help Truman decides using the military was not an option Truman decides using the military was not an option Airlift for the next 15 months supply the 2.5 million people in Western Berlin with supplies, Russia drops the blockade Airlift for the next 15 months supply the 2.5 million people in Western Berlin with supplies, Russia drops the blockade

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization North Atlantic Treaty Organization –“an armed attack against one or more of the … shall be considered an attack against them all.” a.k.a. – collective security –United States, Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway and Portugal –Soviets respond with Warsaw Pact

Soviets Atomic Threat Truman gives the go ahead for the hydrogen and thermonuclear bomb Truman gives the go ahead for the hydrogen and thermonuclear bomb – &q=Hydrogen+Bomb&hl= en &q=Hydrogen+Bomb&hl= enhttp://video.google.com/videoplay?docid= &q=Hydrogen+Bomb&hl= en – &q=Hydrogen+Bomb& hl=en &q=Hydrogen+Bomb& hl=enhttp://video.google.com/videoplay?docid= &q=Hydrogen+Bomb& hl=en

Communism enters China Communists Mao Zedong v. Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) Communists Mao Zedong v. Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) Mao Zedong & communist followers take over Peking (now Beijing) declare Communist state Mao Zedong & communist followers take over Peking (now Beijing) declare Communist state