Warm- Up 9/15/10 Review of Primary Sources: Review of Primary Sources: In no more that 2 sentence write what you think the MAIN point is of each primary source document. In no more that 2 sentence write what you think the MAIN point is of each primary source document.

Warm- Up 9/15/10 Review: Review: Describe the main idea of Mary Wollstonecraft and Jean Jacque Rousseau Describe the main idea of Mary Wollstonecraft and Jean Jacque Rousseau Describe the concept of the social contract Describe the concept of the social contract 40 words 40 words

Warm-up 9/10/10 1. Do you think people are born naturally good, naturally selfish, or with the ability to choose? Why? 40 words 40 words

Warm-Up 9/17/12 In your own words describe the social contract (Locke & Hobbes) In your own words describe the social contract (Locke & Hobbes) Do we have a social contract in the United States? Do we have a social contract in the United States? 40 words 40 words

Warm-Up 9/17/09 Copy down the directions for how to read a primary source and get the MAIN IDEA. Copy down the directions for how to read a primary source and get the MAIN IDEA. 1. Number the Paragraphs 2. Circle Key terms 3. Define the Vocabulary 4. Read and underline the claims and main idea 5. Summarize ideas in margins 6. Write a 4 sentence summary for the reading

Homework Primary source – Prepare your primary source for reading! (follow the direction in the back of your notebook) Primary source – Prepare your primary source for reading! (follow the direction in the back of your notebook) Vocabulary – staple a sheet of paper to your primary source. Define all the words you do not know. You must do at least 10. Vocabulary – staple a sheet of paper to your primary source. Define all the words you do not know. You must do at least 10.

Warm-Up9/19/12 Summarize Montesqueiu’s ideas from the reading.

Warm-Up9/19/12 Summarize Montesquieu’s ideas from the readings (hint: use the reading…) Summarize Montesquieu’s ideas from the readings (hint: use the reading…) Summarize Voltaire’s ideas Summarize Voltaire’s ideas 20 words each (40 words total) 20 words each (40 words total)

Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679) All humans naturally selfish & wicked All humans naturally selfish & wicked Social Contract: People agree to a strong ruler to avoid chaos Social Contract: People agree to a strong ruler to avoid chaos Absolute Monarchy Absolute Monarchy

John Locke (1690’s) Tabula Rasa- clean slate Tabula Rasa- clean slate Favored self-government Favored self-government Purpose of government is to protect the rights of its citizens Purpose of government is to protect the rights of its citizens Natural Rights: All people born free & equal with right to Life, Liberty, and Property

For I imagine, any one will easily grant, that it would be impertinent to suppose the ideas of colours innate in a creature to whom God hath given sight, and a power to receive them by the eyes from external objects: and no less unreasonable would it be John Locketo attribute several truths to the impressions of nature and innate characters, when we may observe in ourselves faculties fit to attain as easy and certain knowledge of them as if they were originally imprinted on the mind. – "During the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that conditions called war; and such a war, as if of every man, against every man. "To this war of every man against every man, this also in consequent; that nothing can be unjust. The notions of right and wrong, justice and injustice have there no place. Where there is no common power, there is no law, where no law, no injustice. Force, and fraud, are in war the cardinal virtues. "No arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death: and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.“- Thomas Hobbes

Warm-Up 9/10/13 Using your notes and primary source documents summarize the ideas of John Locke. Using your notes and primary source documents summarize the ideas of John Locke. Why are they important to us? Why are they important to us? Where can these ideas be found? Where can these ideas be found? Do you agree them. Why or why not? Do you agree them. Why or why not? 50 words

Warm-Up 9/10/13 HobbesLocke Nature of Man Style of Gov’t Explanation

Warm-Up9/10/13 Make the chart and fill it in. Then draw Locke’s social contract. Make the chart and fill it in. Then draw Locke’s social contract. HobbesLockeRousseau Nature of Man Style of Gov’t Explanation

Representatives Direct Enlightenment Magna Carta Glorious Revolution American Revolution French Revolution Scientific Revolution Renaissance

Warm-Up9/12/13 Option 1: Record in detail something that occurred in the past 48 hours that made you very happy. Option 1: Record in detail something that occurred in the past 48 hours that made you very happy. Option 2: Record in detail 3 reasons you have for being grateful. Option 2: Record in detail 3 reasons you have for being grateful. 40 words

Warm-Up9/10/13 Choose 3 words from the list and define them in your opinion; Choose 3 words from the list and define them in your opinion; Responsibility, compassion, respect, maturity, understanding, kindness, self- control, happiness Responsibility, compassion, respect, maturity, understanding, kindness, self- control, happiness Write 30 words using the words you chose in fashion you choose. Write 30 words using the words you chose in fashion you choose.

The Enlightenment in Europe

Enlightenment Age of Reason (Enlightenment)  Reaches its height in mid-1700’s Age of Reason (Enlightenment)  Reaches its height in mid-1700’s Influenced by Scientific Revolution  Apply reason & scientific method to all aspects of society (government, religion, economics, & education) Influenced by Scientific Revolution  Apply reason & scientific method to all aspects of society (government, religion, economics, & education)

Warm-Up 9/20/06 Look at the Graphs and Answer the two questions!

Philosophes Advocate Reason Philosophes believed people could apply reason to all aspects of life Philosophes believed people could apply reason to all aspects of life Philosophy centers around 5 core concepts: Philosophy centers around 5 core concepts: 1. Reason; 2. Nature; 3. Happiness; 1. Reason; 2. Nature; 3. Happiness; 4. Progress; 5. Liberty 4. Progress; 5. Liberty

Jean Jacque Rousseau ( ) Civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness  Civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness  “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” Social Contract: People give up some freedom for the common good Social Contract: People give up some freedom for the common good Direct Democracy Direct Democracy

Charles Montesquieu ( ) Separation of Powers: Separation of Powers: – Power divided into different branches so one individual or group can not get total control – Executive, Legislative, and Judicial – “Checks and balances” Each branch has power to check the other branches so that no branch becomes too powerful!!!

Warm-up 9/21/12 Currently there is an attempt to build a mosque (Islamic place of worship) near ground zero of the bombing of the world trade center. Currently there is an attempt to build a mosque (Islamic place of worship) near ground zero of the bombing of the world trade center. Using the philosophy of Voltaire argue for or against the building of the mosque Using the philosophy of Voltaire argue for or against the building of the mosque 40 words 40 words

Voltaire (1700’s) Fought FOR tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech Fought FOR tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech Écrasez l’infâme! (Crush the evil thing) Écrasez l’infâme! (Crush the evil thing)

Cesare Beccaria (fl. 1760’s) Laws exist to keep social order, NOT to avenge crimes Laws exist to keep social order, NOT to avenge crimes Argued FOR speedy trials Argued FOR speedy trials Argued AGAINST torture, cruel & unusual punishments, capital punishment (death penalty) Argued AGAINST torture, cruel & unusual punishments, capital punishment (death penalty) Let punishment fit crime Let punishment fit crime

Mary Wollstonecraft ( ) Women need education, just like men, to become virtuous & useful Women need education, just like men, to become virtuous & useful Women’s rights to participate in politics Women’s rights to participate in politics Equal rights for women Equal rights for women

Impact of the Enlightenment Belief in progress  through reason, a better society/gov’t was possible Belief in progress  through reason, a better society/gov’t was possible More secular outlook  questioning of religion More secular outlook  questioning of religion Importance of the individual  ability to reason what is right & wrong Importance of the individual  ability to reason what is right & wrong

1. Athens created a direct democracy in which citizens ruled directly and not through representatives. Free male citizens served in the assembly and established important government policies for the city state. How does this type of democracy compare with the type of democracy established in England the United States? _____________________________________________ ___________________________________ _____________________________________________ _________________________________________

2. In Greece, Pericles increased the number of public officials who were paid, thus allowing poor citizens to hold office. Over time, how was the role of people in the government of England enlarged to include more than nobles or aristocrats? ________________________________________ ________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ______

Warm-Up 9/12/08 Explain what natural rights are in your own words. Explain what natural rights are in your own words. Why is John Locke important? Why is John Locke important? 4 sentences 4 sentences

WARM – UP 9/13/10 Standard : Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simon Bolivar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison). Standard : Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simon Bolivar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison). COPY THE DIRECTIONS FOR HOW TO READ A PRIMARY SOURCE 1.Number the paragraphs 2.Circle key terms 3.Define unknown terms 4.Write in margins 5.Underline relevant information 6.Underline Authors Claims

Representatives Direct Enlightenment Magna Carta Glorious Revolution American Revolution French Revolution Scientific Revolution Renaissance

Glorious Revolution American Revolution French Revolution

Conflict With the Monarch Divine right – 1600’s kings claim absolute power from God Divine right – 1600’s kings claim absolute power from God Puritans & Protestants anti-Catholic Puritans & Protestants anti-Catholic James II – Catholic; appoints Catholics to high office James II – Catholic; appoints Catholics to high office People want Protestant king People want Protestant king Glorious Revolution - William and Mary (Protest.) take English throne. Glorious Revolution - William and Mary (Protest.) take English throne. W & M sign English Bill of Rights = England constitutional monarchy. W & M sign English Bill of Rights = England constitutional monarchy.

Why the English Bill of Rights? 1. Parliament is monarch’s partner in government 2. No suspension of Parliament’s laws 3. No taxation w/o consent 4. Freedom of speech 5. Citizens can petition king English Bill of Rights

1. What are Natural Rights? 2. Who is John Locke? Explain one of his important ideas. 3. Who is Charles Montesquieu? Explain his idea of Separation of Powers. 4. What did Mary Wollstonecraft believe would help women achieve equal rights with men? 5. What did Voltaire say about speech and religion?

“All about the enlightenment” “All about the enlightenment” video questions (answer as notes in notebook) “All about the enlightenment” 1. What periods influenced the enlightenment? 2. What was a general result of the enlightenment? 3. What were some individuals big ideas during this period? Summarize what you have learned

Warm-up: 9/14/10 REVIEW According to Montesqueiu what are the different powers of government? According to Montesqueiu what are the different powers of government? How does he propose to separate them? How does he propose to separate them? How do we see this in our government today? How do we see this in our government today? (40 Words) (40 Words)

Enlightenment Encyclopedia Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes John Locke John Locke Charles (Baron) Montesquieu Charles (Baron) Montesquieu In groups of 2 Create an encyclopedia entry for each philosopher (DUE September 23 rd ) 1. Include 2-3 sentence biography (where they were born, time lived) sentence explanation of main ideas 3. Quote that expresses idea (from primary sources) sentence explanation of how idea is used today in the U.S. 5. symbol or illustration of main idea Jean Jacque Rousseau Jean Jacque Rousseau Cesare Beccaria Cesare Beccaria Voltaire Voltaire Mary Wollstonecraft Mary Wollstonecraft

Example: Denis Diderot Denis Diderot born in France. He lived from 1713 to Denis Diderot born in France. He lived from 1713 to Diderot began cataloguing the volumes of new scientific ideas and knowledge that was developed in the enlightenment. He also said _________________________. Finally Diderot began cataloguing the volumes of new scientific ideas and knowledge that was developed in the enlightenment. He also said _________________________. Finally