UNIT 1 “ARE WE THERE YET” – MAP SKILLS 101

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ► I will be able to understand the difference between absolute and relative location. ► I will be able to locate on a map specific lines of longitude and latitude (i.e., Prime Meridian, International Date Line, Equator, North and South Poles, Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, and Arctic and Antarctic Circles)

LATITUDE ► Lines that run east-west ► Called parallels because they are always parallel to each other ► Measure distance north and south of the equator ► Parallels north of the equator are labeled with an “N” for north (range 0°-90°N) ► Parallels south of the equator are labeled with an “S” for south (range 0°-90°S)

LATITUDE ► Major circles  Arctic Circle (24 hour sunlight/darkness)  Tropic of Cancer (Summer)  Equator  Tropic of Capricorn (Winter)  Antarctic Circle (24 hour sunlight/darkness)

LONGITUDE ► Lines that run north-south ► Called meridians ► All meridians meet at the north and south poles ► They measure distance east and west of the prime meridian (0°) and the 180° meridian in the Pacific Ocean ► Meridians west of the prime meridian to 180° are labeled with a W ► Meridians east of the primer meridian to 180° are labeled with an E

LONGITUDE ► Major meridians:  Prime meridian  International Date Line  180° meridian

MEASURING WITH DEGREES ► Latitude measures distance from the equator ► Symbol is ° ► Degrees are divided into minutes. The symbol for minutes is ´ ► There are 60 minutes in a degree ► Ex. 45°N 3’

HEMISPHERES ► The Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere are separated by the line of latitude called the EQUATOR ► The Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere are separated by the lines of longitude called the PRIME MERIDIAN AND THE 180° MERIDIAN

HEMISPHERES

HEMISPHERES

HEMISPHERES

HEMISPHERES

LOCATION ► Absolute – a specific description of a location  Example: 655 Colice-Jeanne Rd, Nashville, TN ► Relative – a general description of a location  Example: Canada is north of the United States ►

1. Geography – the study of the world, its people and the landscapes they create 2. cartographer – a map maker 3. absolute location – a specific description of a place 4. relative location – a general description of a place 5. place – describes the features that make a site unique 6. human-environment interaction – focuses on how people and their physical environment affect each other

1. movement – focuses on how and why people and things move 2. region – areas that share common characteristics 3. map key – a small description of the symbols used 4. scale (large vs. small) - The relationship between the actual size of a place and its size as shown on a map 5. compass rose – a symbol on a map to indicate direction 6. global grid – A coordinate system, with the origin at 0° latitude and 0° longitude 6. global grid – A coordinate system, with the origin at 0° latitude and 0° longitude

1. latitude – lines that run east to west and measure distance north and south of the equator 2. longitude – lines that run north to south and measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian and the 180° meridian 3. Prime Meridian – the line of longitude that separates the East and West hemispheres 4. International Date Line – line of longitude in the Pacific Ocean where the date is changed exactly one day as it is crossed 5. hemisphere – half of the earth (east/west and north/south) 6. contour lines – a line connecting equal points of elevation

Airline routes between San Francisco and Tokyo following the most direct great circle (top), but following the jet stream (bottom) when heading eastwards

► map projection - a projection of the globe onto a flat map using a grid of lines of latitude and longitude ► distortion - a change in shape, size, or position of a place when it's shown on a map. ► distortion - a change in shape, size, or position of a place when it's shown on a map. ► time zone - a region of the earth that has uniform standard time ► GIS/GPS - geographical information system, is any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that are linked to location--Global Positioning System: a navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth ► GIS/GPS - geographical information system, is any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that are linked to location--Global Positioning System: a navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth