Plant Unit Mrs. Gerlach 2010-2011

Classifying Plants Non-vascular: have no vessels, no roots, no stems, or leaves. Example: Mosses and Liverworts Vascular: have vessels to transport food and water. They have roots, stems, and leaves. Example: Grass, corn, trees, flowers, and bushes

Adaptations to land Waxy layer Deep roots Vascular tissue

Classifying Plants Continued Vascular Tissue Xylem: transports water Phloem: transports food

Classifying Plants Continued Two types of Plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Gymnosperms “naked seeds” Cone bearing plants (plants grow on cones) Needle like leaves Usually stay green year round Wind pollinated Example: pine trees and evergreens

Angiosperms Flowering plants Seeds are enclosed in a fruit Most pollinated by birds and bees Have finite growing seasons Examples: grasses, tulips, oaks, dandelions Broken down into two groups

Monocot vs. Dicot Monocots 1 seed leaf (cotyledon) Parallel veins on leaves Leaves are narrow Flowers in multiples of three Fibrous roots Vascular bundles scattered through stem

Dicots 2 seed leaves (cotyledons) Branching veins Leaves broader Flowers in multiples of 4 or 5 Tap root Vascular bundles arranged in a ring

Parts of a Plant: Roots Functions of Roots Root cap Root hairs Absorbs water and minerals Anchors the plant In potatoes and carrots-stores food Root cap Protects the growing root tip Root hairs Absorption of water and nutrients

Parts of a Plant: Stems Functions of Stems Two types Supports the plant Transports water through xylem Transports food through phloem (translocation) Two types Herbaceous woody

Parts of a Plant: Leaves Functions of the Leaves Convert sunlight into food Photosynthesis Equation (CO2 + H2OC6H12O6 + 602) Transpiration: loss of water through the leaves

Leaves Continued Stomata: pores within the leaf that open to let CO2 in and O2 out Guard Cells: Regulate movement of gases and water through leaves Cuticle: waxy converting on leaf that prevents water loss

Parts of a Plant: Flower Functions Reproductive organ of the plant

A Plant is Like . . . . . Booklet Foldable Title Page For each of the four plant parts you will need three comparisons. One complete sentence describing the function in your own words. At least one illustration per page – drawn or cut from magazine.

Plant Reproduction Flower parts (on board) Sexual Reproduction Pollen produced by stamen, transferred by wind or animals, lands in the ovary, ovary develops into a fruit, fruits are dispersed, seed will open when right conditions.

Asexual reproduction self-pollinations Or, some plants send out runners or new pieces can form a new plant

Plant Growth Germination: when a seed sprouts Only grow at the meristem (ends of stems and roots) Primary growth: taller Secondary growth: wider Tree Rings: each ring in one year of plant growth

Types of Growth patterns Perennials: live several years reproduce many times Woody plants Annuals Completes life cycle in one year Grows, flowers, reproduces, and dies Biannuals Completes life cycle in two years

Minerals that aid in growth Nitrogen Protein Phosphorus Energy Potassium Balance and stomata/guard cell opening

Environmental Influences Tropism: response in which a plant grows towards or away from a stimulus Phototropism: light is stimulus Gravitropism: gravity is stimulus Thigmotropism: touch is stimulus