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Plants as Living Organisms

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Presentation on theme: "Plants as Living Organisms"— Presentation transcript:

1 Plants as Living Organisms
Plant and Soil Science

2 The Plant Kingdom Plants are found in biomes from the tundra to the desert. Four Major Groups of plants: mosses, ferns, gymnosperm, and angiosperm. Gymnosperm: produce plants that produce seeds on the scales of cones. Ex. Pine, spruce, fir

3 The Plant Kingdom Angiosperm: Flowering plants
Ex. Corn, wheat, apples, petunias, oak Two Classes Monocots: send up a single cotyledon Long narrow blades, with parallel veins, flowers in multiples of three, vascular bundles are scattered Dicots: send up two cotyledons Broad leaves, netted veins, vascular bundles in a circle, flowers in fours or fives

4 The Plant Kingdom- Life Cycles
Life Cycle: the time from when a plant begins growing until it dies Annual: germinates, grows, and reproduces in one year. Biennial: two growing seasons, first year they grow, second year they reproduce.

5 The Plant Kingdom- Life Cycle
Perennial: life cycle of two or more years Herbaceous: soft shoots that are killed by frost. Send up new shoots in the spring Woody: trees, shrubs, and vines above ground that survive winter Hardy: how tolerant to cold a plant is

6 Structures- Roots Function: Absorb water and minerals from soil
Anchor plant Store food

7 Structures- Roots Most roots found in top 2 feet of soil
Primary root (radical) is the first root put out by the plant Root hairs are near the growing tip of the root and increase surface area for absorption.

8 Structures- Roots Root Systems Tap Root Fibrous Root
Thick main root that grows straight down Can work for storage Ex. Carrots, beets, and radishes Fibrous Root Branching slender roots Less tolerant of dry conditions Hold soil in place, and prevents erosion

9 Structures- Roots

10 Structures- Roots Secondary roots: branch off the primary root
Root cap: tip of root, protects root from soil as the root grows

11 Structures- Stems Function: Hold leaves upright
Conduct water and minerals Conduct food Store food

12 Structures- Stems Conducting food and water
Two types of conductive tissue- Xylem and Phloem Xylem Transports water from the roots up to the leaves Phloem Transports food to the roots and other parts of the plant

13 Structures- Stems/ Buds
Buds- contain undeveloped leaves, stems, or flowers. Bud scales protect the bud. Terminal bud: large tip of the twig, the growing tip, contains the apical meristem Apical meristem is the primary growing point Lateral buds are located along the sides of the branch

14 Structures- Modified Stems
Some stems have been modified for food storage and underground growth Bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers are all examples of modified stems

15 Structures- Modified Stems
Bulbs- tulips and onions, have scales

16 Structures- Modified Stems
Corms- Gladiolus and crocus, fleshy and scale covered

17 Structures- Modified Stems
Rhizomes- underground stem that produces branches, irises and lily of the valley

18 Structures- Modified Stems
Tubers- storage organs, potatoes and caladium

19 Structures-Leaves Responsible for food production Photosynthesis
Transpiration

20 Structure-Leaves Comprised of specialized cells
Epidermis-protective layers Cuticle-waxy coating Stomata-pores allowing O2, CO2, and H2O exchange Guard cells-controls stomata (xylem and phloem)

21 Structure-Leaves Photosynthetic tissues
Mesophyll- “Middle of the leave” Bulk of Photosynthesis Palisade layer Spongy layer

22 Structure-Leaves Simple leaves Compound Single leaf blade and petiole
Broadleaf Plants- wide flat leaves Simple leaves Single leaf blade and petiole Compound Petiole, 2 or more leaves called leaflets

23 Structure-Leaves Deciduous Evergreen Looses leave in Fall
Narrow leaf plants- needle or scale shape leaves Deciduous Looses leave in Fall Evergreen Keep leaves year round

24 Structures- Flowers

25 Structures- Flower Female- Pistil
Stigma- Top sticky portion to catch the pollen Style-Tube that carries the pollen to the ovary Ovaries-Where the seed will develop

26 Structures- Flower Male- Stamen Anther- Holds pollen
Filament- Holds the anther Pollen- Male gamete

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