1. Plants are used for so many things used in everyday life. Can you guess what this plant is used for?

2. Flashcard Warm-up Vascular tissue Vascular refers to the circulatory (transport) system of an organism. Some plants have specialized tissues (groups of cells) that transport water or food. Xylem transports water from the roots to the leaves. Phloem transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Rate of Photosynthesis Several factors affect the rate of photosynthesis. Large amounts of water and carbon dioxide are needed as well as a large amount of sunlight. Plant adaptations have allowed some plants to be more efficient. Write the equation for photosynthesis:

3. Botany Study of Plants The largest living organism on Earth!!! Do you know what kind of tree this is? The largest specimen, the General Sherman Tree in Sequoia National Park, is 84 m (275 ft) tall, has a diameter of 11.1 m (36.4 ft) at the base, and was estimated in the early 1990s to weigh about 2,500 metric tons. Other trees range from 46 to 99 m (150 to 325 ft) in height, with diameters up to 9 m (30 ft). A count of annual rings on stumps has verified ages as great as 2,300 years. Some living trees, however, are believed to be close to 4,000 years old.

4. IAre all plants the same? A. Plant Characteristics 1.Type of Cell = Eukaryotic 2.Multicellular 3.Autotrophic 4.Composition of cell wall = cellulose 5.Chloroplast = Chlorophyll 6.Vacuole = store water, food, and water

5. Two Types of Plants? 1. Non-vascular Plants = lack vascular tissue Example = Moss 2. Vascular Plants = contain vascular tissue 2 types of Vascular Tissue: 1. Xylem: Transport water 2. Phloem: Transport nutrients

6. Vascular or Nonvascular?

7. Reproduction = Vascular plants reproduce in three ways 1.Seedless vascular plants = reproduce using spores (ex. fern). 2. Gymnosperms = store seeds in cones (ex. spruce). 3. Angiosperms = store seeds in fruits which develop from flowers (ex. daisy).

8. How Plants Meet Their Needs Transport – Non-vascular plants: osmosis and diffusion – Vascular plants: xylem and phloem Respiration – Both non-vascular and vascular use cellular respiration

9. How Plants Meet Their Needs Excretion – Non-vascular: diffusion and osmosis – Vascular plants: Stomata Stomata: gas exchange = CO 2 enters, O 2 leaves transpiration = water loss

10. Flashcard Warm-up Gymnosperms – Vascular plants that produce their seeds in CONES Angiosperms – Vascular plants that produce their seeds in FRUITS which develop from FLOWERS

11. How Plants Meet Their Needs Synthesis - Build molecules. Plants produce sugars through photosynthesis Nutrition - sugar produced in photosynthesis used during cellular respiration.

12. How Plants Meet Their Needs Regulation – Plants control their growth patterns. One way is by using hormones. – Ethylene - promotes fruit ripening – Cytokinins – promotes rapid cell division – Auxins - allow for elongation of the cell. This increased flexibility allows the plant to bend

13. How Plants Meet Their Needs Tropisms are growth toward or away from a stimulus – Phototropism - a plant’s response to light. – Gravitropism/Geotropism - a plant’s response to gravity. – Thigmotropism – response to touch (ex. Ivy)

14. Ticket Out the Door 1. ____________ tissue in plants is similar to the blood vessels of our body because they transport water and nutrients. Match the Type of Vascular plant with the correct description: 2. Gymnosperma. produce seeds in fruits 3. Angiosperm b. use spores to reproduce 4. Seedless Vascular c. produces seeds in cones 5. Choose one of the following plant hormones and explain the changes the hormones causes in the plant. Auxins, cytokinins, or ethylene 6. Phototropism a. plant growth in response to touch 7. Thigmotropism b. plant growth in response to light 8. Geotropism/ Gravitropism c. plant growth in response to gravity

15. Flashcard Warm-up Pollination Pollination is when the pollen reaches the stigma or part of the female anatomy of a plant. Self-pollination occurs when a plant pollinates itself and cross pollination includes two different plants. Fertilization is when the pollen reaches the egg.

16. How Plants Meet Their Needs Reproduction – Asexual = vegetative propagation. (all offspring would be clones

17. How Plants Meet Their Needs Reproduction – Sexual = two sources of DNA, sperm and egg Seedless plants - have sperm and egg; sperm must swim to the egg. This requires a film of moisture.

18. How Plants Meet Their Needs Gymnosperms – produce male and female cones. The fertilized egg becomes a seed.

19. How Plants Meet Their Needs Angiosperms – Use flowers – Male part = Stamen Consists of anther & filament Anther = produces pollen containing sperm – Female part = Pistil Contains the stigma, style, and ovary Ovary = holds the ovules containing eggs

20. How Plants Meet Their Needs Pollination: occurs when pollen produced by anther is transferred to stigma

21. How Plants Meet Their Needs Growth and Development – The seeds can be dispersed using wind, water or animals – Germination: the development of the new plant from the embryo

22. Seeds Some plants have seeds as a specialized part of their reproductive system. Seeds consist of a fertilized embryo, a food source, and a seed coat to protect the seed. These three parts allow seeds to wait until the right time to germinate.

23. Plant Organs and their Adaptations Leaves - main photosynthetic organs of most plants. – Waxy cuticle: transparent waxy covering that protects the leaf from water loss. – Vascular Bundle: xylem and phloem – Stomata: openings in the leaves that allow for gas exchange. – Adaptations: The size of the leaf, modified for protection (ie. Cactus)

24. Plant Organs and their Adaptations Stems - the organ responsible for support and for transport – Tubers: stem modified for storing food (starch) Ex: potato – Succulent stems store water Ex: desert cacti

25. Plant Organs and their Adaptations – Tendrils are part of vines and runners help with vegetative propagation Roots - organ responsible for absorbing water, anchoring the plant and may also store food – Fibrous roots: smaller branching roots which increase surface area for quick water absorption. Ex: grasses

26. Plant Organs and their Adaptations – Tap roots - large, main root provides a strong anchor and allows the plant to reach water far below the earth’s surface. Ex: carrot – Root Hairs – Specialized cells to increase surface area for fast water absorption