Ruling the Empire & Expansion in Latin America Samoset Middle School 8 th Grade Social Studies

Filipinos Rebel Filipinos expected independence after Spanish American War Americans takeover their government and Filipinos revolt Nearly 10 times more American soldiers die in this conflict than in Spanish American War Finally given independence in 1946 Were the Filipinos justified in rebelling? Why might the Americans wait to give them independence? Can you think of any similar situations today?

Ruling the Empire CountryStatusNotes Hawaii Annexed by U.S. in 1898 Became 50 th state in 1959 Cuba Independent but had to accept Platt Amendment Platt Amendment – gave U.S. a naval base & right to intervene in Cuba Puerto Rico U.S. set up new gov’t in 1900 under Foraker Act. Today, called a Commonwealth Foraker Act – gave some self- governing; Residents are U.S. citizens No votes in Congress and cannot vote for President Self-govern internal affairs but U.S. governs foreign affairs Philippines U.S. set up new gov’t in 1902 Granted independence in 1946 HHHHHHHHHHHHHH

Wanting a Canal From NY to San Francisco by water is 14,000 miles. Why so far?  Panama Canal cuts the trip to 6,000 miles! President Theodore Roosevelt wants to build a canal through Isthmus of Panama  Isthmus is narrow strip of land connecting 2 larger bodies of land  Why do we want a canal?  Trade (Economic) & Navy (Political) When Colombia refuses, U.S. helps Panama break away from Colombia

Building the Canal Panama Canal Operations Video Before work begins, U.S. wipes out yellow fever threat 40,000 workers spend almost 8 years to build Canal opens in 1914 How does the canal work?

Theodore Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy “Big Stick” Policy - speak softly and carry a big stick  What does this mean? The Roosevelt Corollary - The U.S. has the right to interfere in Latin America to preserve law & order => International Police Power  Corollary – means addition. What is this an addition to?  The Monroe Doctrine – Europe stay out of Western Hemisphere & Western Hemisphere stay out of Europe

Other President’s Foreign Policy Dollar Diplomacy – President William Taft urged businesses to invest in Latin America => “substitute dollars for bullets” Moral Diplomacy – President Woodrow Wilson condemned imperialism and wanted to spread democracy and promote peace. Did Wilson always practice this?

U.S. and Mexico 1910 – Civil War breaks out in Mexico. Dictator comes to power and eventually U.S. sells weapons to his opponent. U.S. forces dictator to flee but his supporters led by Pancho Villa attack Americans living in Mexico. U.S. sends thousands of soldiers into Mexico to capture Villa. Mexico opposes actions by U.S. and both countries on brink of war until U.S. finally withdraws.