1. The United States and Latin America
20-3

2. Linking the Oceans Why bother?
Where?
Shortest distance between oceans -> Panama
Panama is an isthmus or a narrow strip of land joining two larger areas of land
Why bother?
During the Spanish-American War it had taken the Oregon two months to reach Cuba from San Francisco. Not acceptable!
It would also improve shipping in our hemisphere.
Problem – Columbia owned this land and was not interested in dealing with us!
Solution – Panamanian revolution supported by the U.S. (“gunboat diplomacy”), instant recognition of independence, and deal with Panama.

3. Construction begins in 1904
Panama Canal
TR in Panama
Construction begins in 1904

4. The Panama Canal
Biggest obstacle was the mosquito which carried Malaria and Yellow Fever.
Under Dr. William Gorgas war was declared on the mosquito. Resulting in yellow fever and malaria being nearly wiped out by 1906!

5. Three main obstacles Cutting through mountains. Damming up the river.
Adding giant locks.

6. The “Big Stick” in Latin America
Roosevelt wanted to keep Europe out of our hemisphere!
Roosevelt Corollary made sure Europe would stay out of Latin American affairs
Created United States “international police power “, allowing the U.S. to settle any disputes that Latin American nations might have with foreign nations

7. Taft – Dollar Diplomacy
Preferred to used money from bankers and business to invest in Latin America instead of force.
Led to just as many conflicts; Nicaragua, Haiti, Honduras
Overall resentment of U.S. policy in Latin America!

8. Relations with Mexico Wilson became president in 1913.
Always supportive of DEMOCRACY!
Waited to intervene in Mexican revolution of 1917 with high hopes for democracy.
Was forced to become involved when U.S. sailors were arrested, then released with an apology in Veracruz, Mexico
Almost led to a war when 100 Mexicans died as U.S. Navy occupied the port of Veracruz!
Drawn into Mexico again after Pancho Villa’s raid on Columbus, New Mexico killed 18 Americans.
John J. Pershing pursues for 11 months, but to no avail.