1. Aim: Was the US justified in intervening in Latin America?

2. How does the political cartoon “School Begins” depict American imperialism so far?

3. After the Spanish-American War
After the Spanish American War, America was a WORLD POWER!
We held territories in Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam…
After McKinley is shot in 1901, Roosevelt becomes president

4. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904 WHAT IS THE MESSAGE TO THE WORLD?

5. U.S. Imperialism: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
When Theodore Roosevelt became president, he used “Big Stick Diplomacy”: active U.S. foreign policy with a strong navy to accomplish goals
Added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: United States has “police powers” to protect Latin America from European imperialism

6. Could we utilize another canal now?
The Spanish-American War revealed a flaw in the U.S. navy…it took too long to get its Pacific fleet to the Atlantic

7. U.S. Imperialism: PANAMA
Teddy wanted to use his “Big Stick Diplomacy” to build the Panama Canal
encouraged Panamanians to rebel from Colombia (who was hesitant to have it built)

8. While you watch: what were the positives and negatives of constructing the Panama Canal?
US negotiates a treaty with Panama:
Cuts travel time!
Moves merchant and naval ships faster!
BUT thousands die from yellow fever and malaria
Opens in 1914 – HUGE ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE!

9. Roosevelt Corollary = “The Big Stick Policy”
REVIEW: TAKE A PIC!
Roosevelt Corollary = “The Big Stick Policy”
Teddy Roosevelt’s addition, in 1904, to the Monroe Doctrine of 1823
Makes the USA a “police power” in Latin America
“Speak Softly and carry a big stick”
USA wanted to protect economic interests – Like what?
Rights to trade, markets, resources, businesses
Keep Europeans OUT!

10. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
TAKE A PIC!
Taft’s continuation of the Roosevelt Corollary:
USA takes over Latin American loans with European countries
Example:
Nicaragua has debts to Spain
USA pays those debts
Now who does Nicaragua owe?
USA!
Use our US wealth rather than military strength in foreign policy (“BIG STICK” = business)
Is this justified?

11. Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
TAKE A PIC!
Mexican Revolution occurs in early 1900’s
Mexican government changes hands between different groups
USA intervenes to promote democracy there (Dec. of Independence)
Stay AWAY from imperialism
Make EVERYONE like the US
The new Mexican gov’t favored US investments in the economy.
Was it right for the USA to intervene? Still intervene?
Francisco “Pancho”
Villa
Emiliano Zapata

12. The Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify American armed intervention in the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, & Mexico
Attempts to maintain order in Latin America led to pro-American regimes that relied on dictatorial rule over its citizens
To enforce order, forestall foreign intervention, and protect U.S. economic interests, the United States intervened in the Caribbean and Central America some 20 times over the next quarter century--namely, in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. Each intervention followed a common pattern: after intervening to restore order, U.S. forces became embroiled in the countries' internal political disputes. Before exiting, the United States would train and fund a police force and military to maintain order and would sponsor an election intended to put into power a strong leader supportive of American interests. Unfortunately, the men who took power in many of these countries, such as Anastasio Somoza in Nicaragua, Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Republic, and Francois Duvalier in Haiti, established despotic rule.

13. FINALLY, what about Japan?
Japan had developed into a major economic power after 1854…
Commodore Mathew Perry ended Japan’s isolation with the Treaty of Kanagawa
It opened two Japanese ports to ships from the United States.

14. Matthew Perry used what is called “Gunboat diplomacy” to open Japan to trade
Gunboat Diplomacy is when a country intimidates another by way of military action.
Teddy Roosevelt’s version of this was his “BIG STICK” policy.

15. By the 20th century, the USA was a world power
The industrial revolution transformed the USA into an economic power
The USA built the world’s third largest navy
America annexed important new territories in the Caribbean and Asia
America asserted itself as an equal to European nations and used its influence to build the Panama Canal, protect Latin America, and trade in Asia