1. The U.S. As an Imperial Power
We exert our muscle in Asia and Latin America

2. Filipinos Have a Rude Awakening
Filipino natives, under Emilio Aguinaldo U.S. will give them their independence & help them against Spain.
Instead U.S. decides to keep the Philippines as a territory
Aguinaldo organizes guerilla warfare against the U.S.

3. Warfare & Chaos in the Philippines
U.S. brutally suppresses rebellion --- employs same methods in Philippines as Spain did in Cuba (concentration camps)
Americans lose more lives fighting Filipinos than in the war with Spain
Finally U.S., under Governor William Howard Taft, promises Filipinos their independence in 30 years

4. U.S. Declares Open Door Policy in China
European nations carve China into “spheres of influence”. This means that these nations have the most access to trade with China
U.S. worried they will be shut out
Secretary of State John Hay declare that U.S. expects “perfect equality of treatment for commerce”

5. The “Gentleman’s Agreement”
Japan a rising world power
In 1906, San Francisco wanted to segregate Asian students
Japan was outraged and humiliated.
Theodore Roosevelt & Japanese government reach agreement: Japan will not send any more Japanese to U.S. and U.S will not segregate Japanese students in U.S. schools

6. Great White Fleet
President Roosevelt follows Alfred Mahan’s advice and builds up the U.S. navy
Concerned about Japan’s territorial ambitions in Asia
Sends fleet of 16 white battleships as a “good will cruise” around the world
Voyage demonstrated America’s increased military power in the world

7. Theodore Roosevelt (Big Stick Diplomacy)
The idea that America will control the world by policing it.
“Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick”

8. The Panama Canal
Theodore Roosevelt wants U.S. to dig canal across Central America to strengthen trade and power in Latin America and Asia
Wanted to dig canal in Colombian territory, but Colombia refused permission.
U.S. supported revolution; Country of Panama created
Panama Canal finished in 1914; saved 8,000 nautical miles from east to west coast of U.S.

9. Theodore Roosevelt (Big Stick Diplomacy)
Roosevelt added the “Roosevelt Corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine.
Now the U.S. will intervene with its military when necessary in Latin America to protect US interests
Why do you think the Roosevelt Corollary was added?

10. William Howard Taft (Dollar Diplomacy)
Why do you think Dollar Diplomacy is important?
The idea of increasing investments in Latin America and the Caribbean
“substitute dollars for bullets”
Designed to protect economic ($$) interests and increase U.S. power in the World

11. Woodrow Wilson (Moral Diplomacy)
Idea that U.S. must be a “friend to the world” and stop trying to take over places with conquest.
Also called Missionary Diplomacy
Designed to promote human rights and democracy in other countries without using force.
Wilson ends up intervening in other countries’ foreign affairs more than anyone!
In 1916, General Pershing invades Mexico to try to capture Pancho Villa