Public speaking Public speaking is the art, process, or act of effectively addressing the public to inform, persuade, or entertain them.

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Public Speaking Objectives To study the process of preparing a speech To study the elements of speech presentation To be aware of certain presentation errors that can negatively affect a speech evaluation To learn the basic steps in making a good impression

Preparation A. Informal speeches occurs in many areas of adult life. 1. Committee meetings 2. Job interviews 3. College seminars B. When preparing, one of the most important factors for success is pre-speech analysis.

Analysis Areas a. Occasion –1. Why are you speaking? –2. Where are you speaking? –3. What is your purpose? –4. Who is your audience? b. Interests of Listeners –1. Is your topic one of interest or concern to the audience?

Analysis Areas C. Personal experiences and interests 1. Are you dealing with familiar information? 2. Are you interested about your material?

2. Information Sources a. Personal experience »1. be careful -- a personal experience can’t be so exclusive to your life that it has no relevance to someone else! b. Interviews with experts c. Library materials »1. encyclopedias »2. audiovisuals (TV news specials, etc..)

Supporting information  Support ideas 1. Examples 2. Definitions and clarifications 3. Comparisons and contrasts 4. Statistics and facts 5. Quotations from authorities . Prepare an introduction that will capture your audience’s attention

Types of Speeches –Informative speech: speech to educate an audience about a topic. –Persuasive speech: speech that attempts to sway the attitudes, beliefs or values of an audience. –Entertaining speech: speech making fun of people, institutions, or events to solicit humorous feedback

Types of Communication Two (2) Basic Types of Communication –Verbal communication: the practice of all varieties of speech and writing. –Nonverbal communication: facial expressions, body movements, gestures, and appearance that take place during the transmission and reception of messages. Most communication, or as much as 65% of communication is nonverbal.

Various Forms of Communications Intrapersonal communication: within oneself Interpersonal communication: with two or more people Small group communication: with a small number of persons Public Communication: delivery of a speech to an audience Mass Communication: communication via media

Common Presentation Errors  A. Nervousness  B. Too quiet  C. Too fast  D. Poor expression

Common Presentation Errors  F. Hesitations (ummm… ahhh…)  G. Trembling voice  H. Poor eye contact  I. Content lacking logic, evidence, facts

Common Presentation Errors  J. Playing with the PEN  K. Wet hands  L. Fast moving back and forth  M. Clichés “You know…”  N. Saying “Thank You” at the end

Symptoms of Stage fright Trembling lips. Fast pulse. Sickness. Dry mouth Cold hands. Trembling knees

Visualization strategies Concentrate on how good you are at public speaking. Pretend you are just chatting with a group of friends. Close your eyes and imagine the audience listening, laughing, and congratulate. Remember happy moments from your past. Picture the audience at a glance.

Strategies in advance of program Be really well prepared. Start an extra practice. Gets individual or group public speaking practices? Read a poem.

Strategies in advance of program Expect hard and easy questions. Organize your speaking notes. Absolutely memorize your opening statement Practice, practice, and practice. Get in shape in a persuasive manners

Strategies when the program begins If legs are trembling, shift legs or move Do not try to hold the microphone by hand in the first minute. Don't hold notes. Take quick drinks of tepid water. Use eye contact. It will make you feel less isolated. Look at the friendliest faces in the audience. Joke about your nervousness

Know Your Environment Know Your Audience Know Your Speech Learn to Relax Visualize a Successful Speech Strategies to reduce fear

Know that the Audience Wants you to Succeed Do not Apologize for Your Apprehension Concentrate on the message (not your fear) Gain Experience Evaluate Yourself

Effective Public Speaking  Tell jokes if you're good at telling jokes. If you aren't good, best to leave the jokes behind.  Gentle humor is good in place of jokes. Self-deprecation is good, but try not to lay it on too thick

How to use the public speaking environment Try not to get stuck in one place. Use all the space that's available to you. Move around. One way to do this is to leave your notes in one place and move to another. If your space is confined (say a meeting room or even presenting at a table) use stronger body language to convey your message

The Speech Communication Process Speaker Message Channel Listener Feedback Interference (noise)

Process of communication speaker: transmits ideas or information to the receiver Encoding: the development of information form the thoughts, feelings, or ideas in the mind of the source through the process of selection, formulation and organization. Code: verbal or nonverbal symbols

Process of communication Message: the information or ideas conveyed to the receiver Decode: to be able to translate code into an understandable language

Process of communication 3.Channel: the means by which the message is sent to the receiver 4. Listeners (Audience): whom the message is sent 5. Feedback: verbal and nonverbal response to a message

Process of communication Noise: the interference or barriers during the transmittal of a message

Conversation and Public Speaking similarities Organizing your thoughts logically Tailoring your message to your audience Telling a story for maximum impact Adapting to listener feedback

Public speaking and conversation Public speaking oPublic speaking is more highly structured opublic speaking requires more formal language (Slang, jargon, and bad grammar) oPublic speaking requires a different method of delivery (people talk quietly)

Public speaking and conversation Conversations: oral communication with members of your family, friends, and coworkers

Public Speaking in a Multi- Cultural World Language –Specific language Gender Age Ethnicity Sexual preference Disability Religion