1. Stephen E. Lucas C H A P T E R McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. 1 1 Speaking in Public

2. Slide 2 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation Organizing thoughts logically Tailoring the message to the audience Telling a story for maximum impact Adapting to listener feedback Organizing thoughts logically Tailoring the message to the audience Telling a story for maximum impact Adapting to listener feedback

3. Slide 3 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation Public speaking is more highly structured Public speaking requires more formal language Public speaking requires a different method of delivery Public speaking is more highly structured Public speaking requires more formal language Public speaking requires a different method of delivery

4. Slide 4 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. The Speech Communication Process Speaker Message Channel Listener Feedback Interference Situation Speaker Message Channel Listener Feedback Interference Situation

5. Slide 5 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Speaker The person who is presenting an oral message to a listener.

6. Slide 6 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Message Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else.

7. Slide 7 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Channel The means by which a message is communicated.

8. Slide 8 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Listener The person who receives the speaker’s message.

9. Slide 9 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Frame of Reference The sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes.

10. Slide 10 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Frame of Reference Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener’s frame of reference. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference. Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener’s frame of reference. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference.

11. Slide 11 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Feedback The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker.

12. Slide 12 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Interference Anything that impedes the communication of a message.

13. Slide 13 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Situation The time and place in which speech communication occurs.

14. Slide 14 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. The Speech Communication Process Insert Figure 1.1

15. Slide 15 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Stage Fright Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.

16. Slide 16 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Nervousness Is Normal Your body is responding by producing extra adrenaline, a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.

17. Slide 17 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Reducing Speech Anxiety Acquire speaking experience Prepare, prepare, prepare Think positively Use the power of visualization Know that most nervousness is not visible Don’t expect perfection Acquire speaking experience Prepare, prepare, prepare Think positively Use the power of visualization Know that most nervousness is not visible Don’t expect perfection

18. Slide 18 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Positive Nervousness Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation.

19. Slide 19 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Visualization Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.

20. Slide 20 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Critical Thinking Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion.

21. Slide 21 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Ethnocentrism The belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

22. Slide 22 McGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.