 Get 4 pieces of white paper from Lab table 1

 Anatomy ◦ The study of the body structure and form  Physiology ◦ The study of the processes of living organisms, or why and how they work  Pathology ◦ The study of the nature and cause of disease

 Histology ◦ Study of tissues  Cytology ◦ Study of cells  Homeostasis ◦ Ability to maintain stable internal conditions – state of equilibrium or balance  Protoplasm ◦ Basic substance of all life  Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus

 Hierarchy of structural organization

 Body standing erect with arms to the side and palms facing forward, head and feet forward

 Pronation ◦ Turning a body part downward  Supination ◦ Turning a body part upward

 Medial ◦ Toward the midline

 Lateral ◦ Toward the side

 Anterior / Ventral ◦ In front

 Posterior /Dorsal ◦ In back

 Ventral ◦ Thoracic ◦ Abdominopelvic  Abdominal  Pelvic  Dorsal ◦ Spinal ◦ Cranial

 Proximal ◦ Closest to the point of origin  Distal ◦ Farther from the point of origin

 Internal ◦ Within the body  External ◦ Outside the body

 Superficial ◦ Toward or at the body surface

 Deep ◦ Away from surface, more internal

 Superior (cranial or cephalic) ◦ Upper or above  Inferior (Caudal) ◦ lower

 Flexion ◦ Decreasing the angle between two bones or bending a body part

 Extension ◦ Increasing the angle between two bones or “extending” a body part

 Abduction ◦ Moving away the midline  Adduction ◦ Moving toward the midline

 Sagittal ◦ Divides the body vertically into right and left unequal parts  Medial or Mid- Sagittal ◦ Divides the body vertically into equal left and right parts

 Coronal / Frontal ◦ Divides the body vertically into anterior and posterior parts  Transverse ◦ Divides the body or organ horizontally or into cranial / caudal parts

 Head ◦ Parietal: top of head towards the back and sides ◦ Frontal : forehead ◦ Occipital: base of head ◦ Auricular : ear ◦ Buccal : cheek ◦ Orbital : eye socket

◦ Mastoid : behind ear ◦ Nasal : bridge of nose ◦ Mental : chin ◦ Submental : below chin ◦ Maxillary :upper jaw ◦ Zygomatic : cheek bone

 Neck ◦ Larynx : front of neck ◦ Trachea : front of neck ◦ Cervical : back of neck

 Thorax ◦ Axillary : armpit ◦ Clavicular : collar bone ◦ Sternal : midchest ◦ Costal : rib ◦ Scapular : shoulder blade ◦ Pectoral: chest ◦ Deltoid : shoulder area

 Posterior Trunk ◦ Nuchal : back of neck ◦ Cervical : neck ◦ Thoracic: back of trunk ◦ Lumbar : at small of back or lower back ◦ Sacral : pelvis, tailbone area ◦ Coccyx : tailbone ◦ Gluteal : buttocks

 Extremities ◦ Brachial : upper arm ◦ Antecubital : front of elbow ◦ Olecranon : back of elbow ◦ Carpal : wrist ◦ Phalanges : fingers, toes ◦ Manual : hand

◦ Pollex : thumb ◦ Femoral : thigh ◦ Patellar : front of knee ◦ Popliteal : behind the knee ◦ Tarsal : ankle ◦ Pedal : foot ◦ Calcaneal : heel of foot