Scientific Method Science is ultimately based on observation (perceiving objects or events using one of the five senses) Observations often lead to questions ---> which lead to experiments to answer the questions. The common steps that biologists and other scientists use to gather information and answer questions

Lesson 1 Scientific Inquiry

Do Now Complete the Lab Safety Review Worksheet Complete the Lab Safety Review Worksheet

Scientific Inquiry What is Science? A body of knowledge A way of knowing things Starts when you ask a question!

Scientific Method Universal approach to scientific problem Universal approach to scientific problem Starts with a problem or question – ex: DO seeds need light to germinate? Search for information on this topic Attempt to PREDICT by making a HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis Predicts the cause and effect relationship to be tested Predicts the cause and effect relationship to be tested Ex: light is not required to germinate seeds Ex: light is not required to germinate seeds

In class assignment Create 2 hypotheses using an “If…. Then statement” Create 2 hypotheses using an “If…. Then statement”

Test the hypothesis by EXPERIMENTATION which can support or fail to support a hypothesis Test the hypothesis by EXPERIMENTATION which can support or fail to support a hypothesis (If….. Then…..) Experiment = series of trials or tests Experiment = series of trials or tests Independent variable = The thing you are testing Independent variable = The thing you are testing Can be manipulated Can be manipulated Ex: light, temp, H20 Ex: light, temp, H20

Dependent variable = What you measure in response to what your changing Dependent variable = What you measure in response to what your changing Ex: growth, rate of… Ex: growth, rate of… Control = ALL other conditions must be kept the same  those not being tested = NO CHANGE Control = ALL other conditions must be kept the same  those not being tested = NO CHANGE

In class assignment Worksheet “Martian Life” answer questions in your notebooks Worksheet “Martian Life” answer questions in your notebooks

Homework Worksheet “Identifying Controls and Variables” Worksheet “Identifying Controls and Variables”

Lesson 2 Controlled experiment

Do Now Worksheet “Identifying the Design of an Experiment” Worksheet “Identifying the Design of an Experiment”

What is a controlled experiment? The control is the group in which all conditions are kept the same. The control is a “reference point” for comparison The experimental group is the test group, in which all conditions are kept the same except for the single condition being tested.

OBSERVATIONS - what you measure with your senses or tools: OBSERVATIONS - what you measure with your senses or tools:Ex: VOLUME with a graduated cylinder VOLUME with a graduated cylinder MASS with a balance MASS with a balance LENGTH with metric rulers LENGTH with metric rulers Record in graphs, tables etc DATA Record in graphs, tables etc DATA

ANALYZE results and draw a CONCLUSION to interpret your results and decide if they support or refuse your hypothesis. (model can be made) REPORT your results and present for peer review - Experiments are repeated and if the same results continually are the same a THEORY can be proposed. Ex: cell theory

Theory Theory is an explanation for natural events that is based on a large number of observations. Theory is an explanation for natural events that is based on a large number of observations.

In class assignment Packet: “Graphing Activities” Packet: “Graphing Activities”

Homework Finish graphing activity Finish graphing activity

Lesson 3 The Scientific Method

Do Now Worksheet “Red Dye #2” Worksheet “Red Dye #2”

In class assignment Packet: “The Scientific Method” Packet: “The Scientific Method”

Homework Complete packet for homework Complete packet for homework

Lesson 4 Review Graphing and Data Organization

Do Now Worksheet “What happened here” Worksheet “What happened here”

In class assignment Complete graphing homework practice Complete graphing homework practice Practice regents graphing questions Practice regents graphing questions

Lesson 5 Designing your own experiment

Do Now Create a flow chart in your notebook containing the steps of the scientific method in order: Create a flow chart in your notebook containing the steps of the scientific method in order: Analyze data Analyze data Create a question Create a question Perform experiment Perform experiment Conclusion Conclusion Organize data in graphs or charts Organize data in graphs or charts Form a hypothesis Form a hypothesis Make observations Make observations Research Research

How to Write a Lab Report: Title Page: Lab # and Title Title Page: Lab # and Title Objectives: Purpose of doing lab (question and hypothesis) Objectives: Purpose of doing lab (question and hypothesis) Materials and Supplies List: Materials and Supplies List: Procedures: see lab directions Procedures: see lab directions Observations: all data charts, tables, graphs, drawings Observations: all data charts, tables, graphs, drawings Analysis and Interpretations: answers to questions Analysis and Interpretations: answers to questions Conclusions: what you learned! Did you reach objectives Conclusions: what you learned! Did you reach objectives

Design your own experiment With your lab partner you will design your own biological experiment With your lab partner you will design your own biological experiment Each of you must turn in YOUR OWN copy of the experiment Each of you must turn in YOUR OWN copy of the experiment All labs must be typed All labs must be typed All labs must be in the lab report format All labs must be in the lab report format You must include at least 1 data chart or graph You must include at least 1 data chart or graph

In class assignment Complete steps 1-4 for your own biological experiment Complete steps 1-4 for your own biological experiment

Homework Complete lab planning Complete lab planning

Lesson 6 Conduct your lab experiment

In class assignment/Homework Complete your lab report Complete your lab report

Lesson 7 Review