Civil War Chapter 11

Anaconda Plan 3 Part Union (Northern) Strategy to win Blockade Southern Ports Split the Confederacy in two at Mississippi Capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, VA

Fort Sumter: First shots of the Civil War fired at Charleston Harbor

South’s Plan

Bull Run First battle of the war 25 miles outside Washington, DC. Won by Confederate (SOUTH) General Stonewall Jackson “Stood as a stone wall in battle”

Soldier’s Life

Field Hospital

George McClellan Led the Union Army Made many fatal errors Lincoln fired him after Antietam in 1863

Ulysses S. Grant Replaced McClellan Led the Union forces throughout the remainder of the Civil War Favored “Total War”

Shiloh Union Victory Tennessee Confederate troops surprised Union troops at dawn Shiloh taught both sides to prepare, scout and dig trenches for protection Video available

The War at Sea Monitor: North’s Ironclad Ship Merrimack Splinter wooden ships, resist burning Merrimack 1862 engaged the Monitor: battle was a draw End of wooden warships

The Union Navy

Robert E. Lee Confederate Commander Opposed to secession Loyal to Virginia Brilliant Leader

Antietam Bloodiest single day battle of Civil War 26,000 casualties Standoff, South retreated to Virginia

Emancipation Proclamation Pres. Lincoln freed slaves in the Confederacy Did NOT apply to areas under Union control

Life during the Civil war Writ of Habeas Corpus suspended 13,000 Confederate Sympathizers jailed Copperheads: Northerners who wanted peace with the South Many were jailed Women’s roles

Life in the South

Conscription Drafting of civilians to serve in army “Rich Man’s War” Could pay for someone to replace you in army Planters with 20 or more slaves did not have to serve

Lincoln’s View on Slavery Disliked slavery Fed gov’t did not have the power to end slavery where it existed MAIN OBJECTIVE SAVE THE UNION!! Wanted free blacks to stay in the South because they would take northern jobs

African Americans 10% of Union Army High death rate Slave resistance Sabotage Breaking plows Whites afraid of slave revolts 54th Massachusetts Battle Battery Wagner Fought with valor and courage 1st into battle

Regions SOUTH Lack of manpower Union occupation Loss of slaves NORTH Economic Growth Making weapons Manufacturing Income Tax: first tax needed to pay for the war

Clara Barton Union Nurse “Angel of the Battlefield” Red Cross

Andersonville Worst Confederate Prison 33,000 Union soldiers held in Georgia on 26 acres No shelter, drank from stream that was also sewer 1/3 died

Gettysburg! 1863: Lee invades the North Fights the Army of the Potomac TURNING POINT: South would never again invade the North

Gettysburg Address Cemetery Dedication: Lincoln’s most famous speech

Chancellorsville Lee out fought Union forces and the Union retreated Stonewall Jackson shot by “friendly fire” Died of pneumonia

Sherman’s March Total War Union destroyed the South: Military and Civilians Burned Atlanta Marched North toward Richmond, VA

Destruction in the South

Vicksburg TURNING POINT! Grant outflanked city for 6 weeks Cut off Confederate supplies

Appomattox Court House End of war: Richmond evacuated Lee’s trapped army surrenders to Gen. Grant

End of the War

John Wilkes Booth Kills Pres. Lincoln five days after the war ended Ford’s Theater Shot while fleeing Virginia Lincoln: first president to be assassinated

A Nation Mourns

13th Amendment Freed the slaves and began Reconstruction