1. Civil war

2. What were the advantages for the Union and the advantages for the Confederacy?
North
South
Population
Factories
Weapons
Leadership
Psychological (fighting on own land)

3. Robert E. Lee Example of South’s great leadership
Military leader of the Confederacy: selected by Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederacy
Confederacy hoped for foreign aid

4. Stonewall Jackson
Leader of Confederacy at Manassas, Antietam, and Fredericksburg

5. North’s Plan of Attack: Anaconda Plan
BCR
Union forces blockade Confederacy
Control Mississippi
Take Richmond
Lincoln: Preserve Union

6. South’s Strategy Confederate strategy
Preserve small armies as Union forces diminish will to fight
Hoped for normal recognition from Britain and France

7. African Slaves Considered by some Union generals as contraband
Considered to be free by some

8. Battle of Bull Run
First Battle of Civil War: took place in Virginia: Union troops commanded by General McDowell
“Stonewall” Jackson refuses to yield to Union
Confederacy force Union to retreat to Washington
General McClellan appointed by Lincoln after Bull Run
Lincoln becomes impatient with McClellan

9. New Orleans David Farragut seizes New Orleans for Union
Attempted to take Vicksburg but failed

10. Monitor vs. Virginia
Battle of the ironclad ships
Ended in a draw

11. Battle of Antietam McClellan knew about Lee’s surprise attack
Bloodiest day of Civil War
Union victory but lost more soldiers than Confederacy
More than 23,000 dead or wounded

12. Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln waited for victory at Antietam to use momentum
As of January 1, 1863, all slaves in states in rebellion (not border states) against the US would forever be free
Took away any chance of compromising with Confederacy
African American soldiers allowed into the military for the Union

13. Border States

14. 54th Massachusetts Regiment
All African American regiment
If captured, would be killed
Slaves began helping Union soldiers

15. Domestic Policy Adapting
3% income tax on all income over $800
Raised tariffs/ biggest funds for war came from bonds
Legal Tender Act of 1862: first common currency
1863: Conscription: draft
White men between ages of 20 and 45
Confederacy adds similar regulations and laws because of low supplies

16. Copperheads Favor of ending war
Lincoln suspends constitutional right of habeas corpus
War conditions
New technology leads to more killing
People struggle choosing sides
Prison camps poorly maintained

17. Vicksburg Grant places city under siege: control Mississippi River
Constant gunfire and lack of supplies weakened Vicksburg
Completed Anaconda Plan

18. Change of Command General Ambrose Burnside: Union, replaced McClellan
Headed South hoping to defeat Army of Northern Virginia: lost at Fredericksburg
Lincoln replaces Burnside with Hooker
Lee defeats Hooker at Chancellorsville (Stonewall dies), Lee senses chance to invade Union

19. Gettysburg Turning point of war
General George Meade replaces Hooker: Union
Faces Lee at Gettysburg
Lee sees a chance to build momentum: Lee wants help from Europe
Meade defeats Lee: devastating loss
50,000 dead, half were Lee’s army (1/3 of army)
1864: Lincoln calls Grant back from Vicksburg
Uses strategy of total war

20. Sherman’s Total War
Cut swath of destruction in march across Georgia to Atlantic
Sherman’s capture of Savannah and cotton Lincoln’s Christmas present
Grant places siege on Petersburg, VA
Lee able to get 40,000 Union casualties, but had no reserves
Congress proposes 13th Amendment
South unwilling to have future without slavery

21. Appomattox Court House
Lee orders retreat from Petersburg
1865: Lee surrenders to Grant
5 days later: Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
Lincoln’s death unites North

22. Clara Barton
Obtained permission from Lincoln to travel with army ambulances
Distributed comforts to the sick and wounded of both sides
Some women fought during the war

23. Why the North Won?
Population
Technology
Resources

24. Civil War Ends More than 600,000 Americans were dead
Mathew Brady photographs devastation of war
South left in shambles/ many homeless
African Americans uncertain of future
Industrial boom continued after war
Factories, banks, and cities grow in North
Debates over states’ rights did not end with Civil War
War helped cement federal authority