1. Unit 4: Civil War & Reconstruction
Week 2: When Brother Fought Brother

2. Civil War (April 1861-April 1865)
How did it start? 1st shots were fired at Fort Sumter (Charleston, SC) Federal base taken over by Confederates
Significance of Fort Sumter: war began and all border states had to choose which side (North or South) they would fight with
Who was fighting?
North (Union- US) vs. South (Confederate States of America)
**Reason called a “CIVIL” war because it was a conflict within a nation

3. Advantages for the North
Advan (Economic resources): industry, miles of railroad track (allow troops and supplies to move faster), manpower (2/3 of nation’s population) and navy
Advan (political leadership): Lincoln explained purpose of war as preserving the Union and democracy
Example: Emancipation Proclamation - military measure against South, by making the issue of the war about slavery made it impossible for Britain to help south (Britain opposed to slavery)

4. Advantages for the South
Advan: (political) military leadership – able to effectively move men
Advan: (political) –motivation was fighting for states’ rights (right of states to decide) felt as if defending homeland, way of life
Advan: (geographic) more familiar with home terrain

5. Strategies (plans) of the 2 sides:
South’s strategy:
Defensive
Defend region until North tired of the war effort and quit (war of attrition)
North’s strategy:
offensive
Plan to split south at Mississippi River and take the capital of Richmond (Anaconda plan) – plan also cut off supplies at ports with a naval blockade

6. Emancipation Proclamation
Only freed slaves in the Confederacy
Announced as a “military measure” against the Confederacy
Freeing Southern slaves made it impossible for the British to support the Southern war effort
Allowed African Americans to enlist in the US army

7. 54th Massachusetts Regiment
One of the first all African American regiments
Fought bravely at Fort Wagner near Charleston Harbor – lost half its men
Discrimination
Under the command of white officers
Poorly supplied
Paid less than white soldiers

8. How the Union Won the War
Anaconda Plan
Splitting South
Blockade to cut off supplies
Higher Population
More Soldiers
More Resources

9. Lincoln’s Assassination
Assassinated 5 days after Lee surrendered to Grant
Shot at Fords Theatre by John Wilkes Booth
Attempt to revive the Confederate cause
Booth found and shot by Federal Troops

10. Important Civil War Battles
For Battle Timeline Review
Important Civil War Battles

11. Key Battles/Events/Plans
(2) First Battle of Bull Run – Victory: Confederacy Significance: war would take longer and lead to adoption of the Anaconda Plan
(3) Antietam – Victory: strategic victory for Union; Significance: halted confederate advance into the Union; bloodiest single day of the war
(4) Vicksburg – Victory: Union Significance: cut the South in half at the Mississippi River

12. Key Battles/Events/Plans
(5) Gettysburg – Victory: Union; Significance – ended South’s hope of invading the North (7) Atlanta – Victory: Union; Significance: Part of Sherman’s ‘March to the Sea,’ demoralized South (8) Siege of Petersburg – Victory: Union; Significance: Grant’s unrelenting attacks and siege at Petersburg strained the dwindling economic resources and manpower of the South and brought surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.

13. (6) Fort Wagner – 1st major battle fought by black troops with the 54th regiment in SC (1) Fort Sumter – 1st shots of the war, states had to pick sides