DO NOW: 11/26/12  In your notes, list the PROS and CONS of an absolute monarch such as Louis XIV of France.  Think about the problems that might arise under an Absolute Monarch – List some.

English Bill of Rights Absolute Monarch Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED by Cromwell Popular Ruler dies 1685 Abdicates in 1688 Constitutional Government!

>JAMES I – devoted to theory “Divine Right of Kings” – Absolutism >Went against Parliament – which controlled the $$  HOUSE OF COMMONS – wanted more say in the government >CHARLES I – (James I’s son) – attempted to rule without Parliament ( )  1640 – THE LONG PARLIAMENT -limited the power of the King  Parliament cannot be disolved

>PURITANS – increased dissatisfaction with the Church of England >Wanted to purify the Anglican Church of all Roman Catholic elements (pageantry)  James I and Charles I – showed they were highly sympathetic to Roman Catholicism  Tried to impose new religious elements in Scotland  “Book of Common Prayer”  Upset the Scots  Rebelled  Charles I was forced to Summon Parliament  Petition of Right – king cannot raise taxes, jail without legal justification. (IGNORED)

CAVALIERS (CHARLES I) VS ROUNDHEADS (OLIVER CROMWELL) CIVIL WAR

 Execution of Charles I – Charged with Treason  COMMONWEALTH (republican form of Government  Theoretically: legislative power was in Parliament and executive power in a council of state  Reality: Oliver Cromwell and the military controlled the government – “Protectorate” – Military Dictatorship  Oliver Cromwell  Navigation Act: English Goods must be transported on English Ship  Cromwell died – 1658 – and his system of Governmnet died out

>CROMWELL >Restricted the freedom of Anglicans and Catholics >Enforced public Morality >Closing the theaters >Prohibited dancing >Required strict observance of the Sabbath AWelcomed Jews

 THE RESTORATION: 1660  Restored the Monarchy with Charles II, eldest son of Charles I  Restored the Anglican Church  Harmony between Crown and Parliament

Exit Ticket In your opinion, was Oliver Cromwell a villain or a hero? Pick a side and explain with at least THREE reasons.

Do Now: Wednesday 11/28/12  “Why Did Parliament Win the Civil War?”  Read the background information and answer corresponding questions

The English Commonwealth  Parliament abolishes the monarchy and House of Lords  Parliament rules as a commonwealth  Problems plague the nation – Cromwell is a military leader  Commonwealth falls apart upon Cromwell’s death in 1658  Groups who favor a monarchy gain power

The Monarchy is Restored   Charles II works with Parliament to repair the shattered nation  Eventually clashes with Parliament when he works to restore Catholicism  1678: Charles dissolves Parliament and builds the monarchy’s power  His successor, James II, continues to push for Catholic power and incites a backlash  PRODUCES MALE HEIR **CATHOLIC**

The Glorious Revolution  William and Mary (James II’s Protestant daughter) are asked to become England’s monarchs  1688 King James II, wife & child flee to France  Assures Parliament’s power  William & Mary had to agree to very limited powers under Parliament’s domination  1689: Signed the English Bill of Rights

The English Bill of Rights  Ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy  Required the monarch to summon Parliament regularly and gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” – control over spending  King or Queen could no longer interfere with parliamentary debates or suspend laws  Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne

The English Bill of Rights  Also restated the traditional rights of English citizens  Trial by jury  Abolished excessive fines  Cruel and unjust punishment  Affirmed the principle of habeas corpus  No person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

Toleration Act 1689  Granted limited religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters  BUT only members of the Church of England could hold public office  Catholics were not allowed any religious freedoms  timeline timeline

English Bill of Rights Absolute Monarch Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED by Cromwell Popular Ruler dies 1685 Abdicates in 1688

Wrap Up  Why was the “Age of Absolutism” such a chaotic time in European history?  Consider: Elizabeth, Philip II, Louis XIV, English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, and Constitutional Government

Exit Ticket 11/28/12  What was the Petition of Right?  What was the result of the English Civil War?  What was the Commonwealth? Who led the Commonwealth?

English Bill of Rights