1. Good Morning Bell-Ringer Read Analyzing Key Concepts on page 594, and answer the following questions. 1. What is absolutism? 2. Name one reason people would support an absolute ruler (refer to the “causes” section). 3.Name one effect of absolutism. 4. Why do you think absolute rulers controlled social gatherings?

2. Chapter 21, Section 5 “Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

3. Background Information…  Absolute Monarchs – kings or queens who held all of the power within their state’s boundaries. Their goal was to control every aspect of society.  Absolute monarchs believed in divine right, the idea that god had created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth. An absolute monarch answered only to God, not to his or her subjects.  As absolute rulers, they regulated everything from religious worship to social gatherings.  Queen Elizabeth I of England clashed frequently with Parliament, mainly over money. The treasury did not have enough money to pay for the Queen’s expenses. She left a huge debt for her successor to deal with.  She had no children, so her cousin, James Stuart (King of Scotland) became King James I of England. England and Scotland had same ruler.

4. I.Monarch’s Defy Parliament A. James’ Problems 1. struggled w/ Parliament over money 2. Puritans hoped he would enact reforms to purify English church of Catholicism a. agreed to new translation of the Bible b. refused to make other reforms Queen Elizabeth I King James I

5. B. Charles I Fights Parliament (James’s son) 1. always needed money, mainly to support war 2. dismissed Parliament when they refused to give money 3. called Parliament in 1628, and they refused to give money, until he signed the Petition of Right: a. He would not imprison any subjects w/out due cause. b. He would not levy taxes w/out Parliament’s consent. c. He would not house soldiers in private homes. d. He would not impose martial law in peacetime. 4. although Charles I ignored the petition, it was important a. law was higher than the king b. contradicted theories of absolute monarchy 5. 1629 – Charles I dissolved Parliament a. imposed fees & fines on the English people

6. II.English Civil War A. War Topples a King 1. Charles offended Puritans and Presbyterian Scots by enforcing Anglican rituals a. wanted both kingdoms to follow one religion b. called Parliament into session 1. 1641, Parliament passed laws to limit royal power c. Charles tried to arrest Parliament’s leaders, but they escaped d. Londoners raged outside the palace e. Charles fled London & raised army north of England, where people were loyal King Charles I

7. 2. English Civil War (1642 – 1649) a. Royalists, or Cavaliers remained loyal to Charles b. Roundheads – Puritan supporters of Parliament 1. Oliver Cromwell – Puritan general a. New Model Army held King prisoner 1. Charles found guilty of treason, and sentenced to death, publicly – never been done before

8. 3. Cromwell’s Rule a. 1649, he abolished monarchy and House of Lords b. established a commonwealth, a republican form of gov’t c. constitution drafted 1. 1 st written constitution of modern Europe d. Cromwell eventually tore up the document, and became a military dictator e. Put down rebellion in Ireland 1. seized Irish lands 2. fighting, plague, & famine killed many Oliver Cromwell

9. 4. Puritan Morality a. Cromwell and Puritans promoted Puritanism b. abolished “sinful” activities (theater, sporting events, and dancing) c. Cromwell was religiously tolerant, except for Catholics

10. III. Restoration and Revolution A. Charles II Reigns 1. restored monarchy, called Restoration 2. Parliament passed habeas corpus a. Latin, meaning “to have the body” b. every prisoner be brought before a judge to specify the charges brought against them c. judge decided to set prisoner free, or to hold trial d. monarch could not falsely imprison someone e. prisoners could not be held indefinitely w/out trials 3. Parliament debated who should inherit Charles’s throne a. his brother, James, was Catholic 1. Whigs – opposed James 2. Tories – supported James 3. ancestors of England’s 1 st political parties Charles II

11. 4. James II and the Glorious Revolution a. offended subjects by displaying Catholicism b. wife gave birth to Catholic son; terrified Protestants c. James’ older daughter, Mary, was Protestant, and wife to William of Orange 1. William & Mary were asked to overthrow James a. led army to London, 1688 b. James fled to France c. this overthrow known as the Glorious Revolution William and Mary

12. IV.Limits on Monarch’s Power A. Constitutional monarchy – king’s power limited by law 1. William and Mary ruled with Parliament B. Bill of Rights 1. the ruler could not: a. suspend Parliament’s laws b. levy taxes w/out specific grant from Parliament c. interfere w/freedom of speech in Parliament d. penalize a citizen for petitioning king about grievances C. Cabinet System Develops 1. monarch and Parliament needed each other to rule 2. cabinet – gov’t ministers, or officials a. link between monarch and majority party in Parliament b. became center of power & policy making c. prime minister – leader of majority party in Parliament; heads the cabinet d. English system of gov’t continues today

13. Daily Essential Questions 1.What rights were guaranteed by the Habeas Corpus Act? 2.How does a constitutional monarchy differ from an absolute monarchy?