Unit 2 Colonial America to the French and Indian War

Section 1: 13 BRITISH COLONIES

New England Colonies Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Hampshire forward

Section 1 – British Colonies Puritans N.E.

John Winthrop N.E.

Section 1 – British Colonies Massachusetts Bay Colony reform Great Migration N.E.

Roger Williams N.E.

Section 1 – British Colonies separate toleration N.E.

Anne Hutchinson

Thomas Hooker N.E.

Section 1 – British Colonies limiting expansion followed by war Meetinghouses Sabbath strict N.E.

Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware forward

Section 1 – British Colonies purchased trade colonies M

William Penn M

Section 1 – British Colonies Quakers reformers equality, pacifism, no slavery holy experiment Philadelphia M

Section 1 – British Colonies Towns cash crops M

Southern Colonies Virginia Maryland Carolinas Georgia (North & South) forward

Section 1 – British Colonies plantations So

Nathaniel Bacon So

Section 1 – British Colonies Bacon’s Rebellion So

Virginia House of Burgesses 1st elected lower house in legislative assembly in the New World; established 1619

Lord Baltimore, George Calvert Catholics Act of Toleration So

Section 1 – British Colonies slave plantations relied on slave labor Charles Town So

James Oglethorpe So

Section 1 – British Colonies indentured Spain Geography So

Section 1 – British Colonies Gentry Middle 75% Indentured So

Section 1 – British Colonies strong weaker So

Section 1 – British Colonies duty public private England dame Col

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Girl with Hornbook (wooden paddle) Easy to hold handle Hole in handle for leather thong Carried on belt or around neck Transparent Horn kept lessons from being spoiled Used in Europe beginning in mid-15th C Starting in Mid-15th C, used in Europe and America. Horn of oxen and sheep were used to make the laminating structure. The Horn was left in cold water for several weeks, which separated the usable part from the bone. It was then heated, first in boiling water then by fire, Then pressed by plates and machines to make it smooth and transparent. As time went on, hornbooks were also made of a variety of other materials.

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Girl with Hornbook (wooden paddle) Transparent Horn Horn of oxen & sheep Left in cold water for several weeks, to separate usable part from bone Then heated, first in boiling water, then by fire Pressed by plates & machines to make it smooth & transparent Starting in Mid-15th C, used in Europe and America. Horn of oxen and sheep were used to make the laminating structure. The Horn was left in cold water for several weeks, which separated the usable part from the bone. It was then heated, first in boiling water then by fire, Then pressed by plates and machines to make it smooth and transparent. As time went on, hornbooks were also made of a variety of other materials.

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Typical Hornbook Alphabet Vowel and consonant combinations Lord’s Prayer Form of a cross Praise of the Trinity (hand written on piece of parchment & tacked to wooden paddle)

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies New England Primer Textbook used by students in English settlements in North America First published and used in London First printed in Boston in 1690 Over 5 million copies sold Used into the 19th C New England Primer was a textbook used by students in New England and in other English settlements in North America. Published by Benjamin Harris, who had published a similar volume in London. Over 5 million copies were sold. In the 1700’s, schools in colonies were strongly influenced by religion. Intent of colonists was that all children should learn to read – passed law in 1642 Puritan Massachusetts stating this. They believed an inability to read was Satan’s attempt to keep people from the Scriptures. Combined study of alphabet with Bible reading. It introduced each letter in a religious phrase and then illustrated the phrase with a woodcut. The primer also contained a catechism of religious questions and answers. Emphasis was placed on fear of sin, God’s punishment, and the fact that all people would have to face death. Some examples teach moral values as well as reading. Also, first appearing in the New England Primer was the Children’s Prayer beginning “Now I lay me …”

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies In 1700s, schools in colonies were strongly influenced by religion, including moral values Inability to read was Satan’s attempt to keep people from the Scriptures Emphasis was placed on fear of sin, God’s punishment, and the fact that all people would have to face death

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Scene from a poorly lit grammar school room

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Scene from a dame school

African Slaves – Middle Passage

1753 North America

George Washington

Benjamin Franklin Proposed the Albany Plan of Union at the Albany Congress Grand Council to make laws raise taxes to set up defense

Albany Congress – Albany Plan of Union Delegates voted to accept the plan No colonial assemblies approved it Colonies did not want to give up any of their powers to a central council

French and Indian War French advantages in the beginning English had no united defense Single New France government acted more quickly More Indian allies English advantages English colonies were clustered along coast French settlements were widely scattered English population was 15 times greater British navy ruled seas

William Pitt

James Wolfe

Quebec Montreal

After French and Indian War

control

Proclamation of 1763 Colonials were forbidden to settle west of the line Colonials already settled west of the line were ordered to remove themselves at once 10,000 British troops were sent to the colonies to enforce the law Attempt to gain better control of colonists

Education in British Colonies

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Girl with Hornbook (wooden paddle) East to hold handle Hole in handle for leather thong Carried on belt or around neck Transparent Horn kept lessons from being spoiled Starting in Mid-15th C, used in Europe and America. Horn of oxen and sheep were used to make the laminating structure. The Horn was left in cold water for several weeks, which separated the usable part from the bone. It was then heated, first in boiling water then by fire, Then pressed by plates and machines to make it smooth and transparent. As time went on, hornbooks were also made of a variety of other materials.

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Typical Hornbook Alphabet Vowel and consonant combinations Lord’s Prayer Form of a cross Praise of the Trinity (hand written on piece of parchment & tacked to wooden paddle)

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies New England Primer Textbook used by students in English settlements in North America First published and used in London First printed in Boston in 1690 Over 5 million copies sold Used into the 19th C New England Primer was a textbook used by students in New England and in other English settlements in North America. Published by Benjamin Harris, who had published a similar volume in London. Over 5 million copies were sold. In the 1700’s, schools in colonies were strongly influenced by religion. Intent of colonists was that all children should learn to read – passed law in 1642 Puritan Massachusetts stating this. They believed an inability to read was Satan’s attempt to keep people from the Scriptures. Combined study of alphabet with Bible reading. It introduced each letter in a religious phrase and then illustrated the phrase with a woodcut. The primer also contained a catechism of religious questions and answers. Emphasis was placed on fear of sin, God’s punishment, and the fact that all people would have to face death. Some examples teach moral values as well as reading. Also, first appearing in the New England Primer was the Children’s Prayer beginning “Now I lay me …”

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Scene from a dame school

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Austere = strict, serious, severe, harsh A stern and austere Puritan worship service

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Harvard College yard

13 Col

13 Col

After French and Indian War

mercantilism regulate Navigation Acts Yankees

governor legislature power of the purse few rights Africans, Indians, & servants had almost no rights Women had few rights