The Subjunctive is used to express the hypotethical, things with doubt, commands, wishes, if clauses, maybe… ¿QUÉ ES EL SUBJUNTIVO?

1. Put verb in the “yo” form 2. Drop “o” 3. Add the opposite ending ARER/IR CÓMO SE FORMA…

AR

ER/IR

DISHES DARIRSER LOS IRREGULARES

HABERESTARSABER LOS IRREGULARES - DISHES

In order to use the subjunctive you must have two things 1. A compound sentence with a subject change (que) 2. A trigger verb in the beginning part of the sentence We are happy that you have studied well for the test. LOS USOS

The Subjunctive is a ‘WEIRDO’ Verb Tense WFor wants, wishes, and desires. Quiero que / Me gusta que hables. EFor shows of Outward Emotion Me alegra que / Temo que hables. IFor impersonal Statements Es importante que hables. R For requests (Nules personal or an affirmation) Te mando que hables. DFor doubt or denial Dudo que / Niego que hables. OFor ‘Ojalá’... a key noun clause in the subjunctive. Ojalá que hables. TRIGGER VERBS…

I hope that… I hope that we win the game I hope to be a doctor. OJALÁ

The subjunctive is used following expressions of hope or desire. Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. Verbos que expresan deseos y esperanzas: ESPERAR – TO HOPE DESEAR – TO HOPE/WISH QUERER – TO WANT NECESITAR – TO NEED PEDIR – TO ASK/ORDER PREFERIR – TO PREFER INSISTIR EN – TO INSIST ON EXIGIR – TO DEMAN MANDAR – TO COMMAND ARE THESE VERBS IN THE INDICATIVE OR SUBJUNCTIVE? WANTS/WISHES

1. THEY WANT YOU TO RECEIVE MANY GIFTS FOR YOUR BIRTHDAY. 2. I wish THAT WE DIDN’T HAVE A GRAMMAR QUIZ THIS WEEK. 3. YOU HOPE TO LEAVE EARLY TODAY. 4. I HOPE THAT THE SUBJUNCTIVE ISN’T TOO HARD. PRACTIQUEMOS

-AR and –ER stem changers change the same way in the subjunctive as in the present tense. -Form the “zapato”, no change in the nosotros and the vosotros forms. ¡Ten cuidado con cambios de otrografía! (spelling: car,gar,zar) PENSARPODER STEM- CHANGERS

-e-i changers change in ALL forms Pedir IR STEM- CHANGERS

-e-ie,i & o-ue,u are a little different, they have the normal stem change in the “zapato”… but outside of the shoe there is a different change. DORMIRSENTIR IR STEM-CHANGERS

The subjunctive is used following phrases that indicate a request, need or a persuasion. Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. Common verbs of Request: Aconsejar Insistir en Pedir (e-i) Preferir (e-ie) Recomendar (e-ie) Sugerir (e-ie) Hacer falta Necesitar REQUESTS

I need for you to finish the project quickly. The teachers prefer that we don’t arrive late to class. My mom insists that I go to the museum today. You advise them to learn how to dance. PRACTIQUEMOS

The subjunctive is used following impersonal expressions. Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. Impersonal expressions are expressions that do not have a particular subject, and us the verb ser. Es + adjetivo = impersonal expression All impersonal expressions require the conjugated verb to be in the subjunctive mood. Es terribleEs mejor Es possibleEs fácil Es importante Es difícil+que +subjuntivo Es imposibleEs triste Es buenoEs necesario Es dudoso IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS

When impersonal expressions express a certainty and are followed by a conjugated verb it is ALWAYS in the indicative mood. Es cierto -Es verdad - Es claro – Es obvio - es seguro - No es dudoso- Es cierto que tiene mucho dinero. Es verdad que llagan esta tarde. HOWEVER…

It’s necessary that you practice your projects. It’s better that we study every night. It’s true that you all are very smart. It’s good that they leave on time. PRACTIQUEMOS

The subjunctive is used following verbs of emotion. Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. Estar + emotion Sentir Sentirse Alegrarse Temer Tener miedo de Gustar Interesar Aburrir Encantar EMOTIONS

They are happy we take the class. Are you sorry that I am friends with her? I feel sad that you can’t come with us. PRACTIQUEMOS

The subjunctive is used following verbs of doubt. Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. Dudar Negar No creer No pensar Es dudoso No es cierto/verdad/seguro/obvio/claro DOUBT

Do you doubt that I will get an A? They don’t believe that we will have many tests. It is doubtful that there will be many people there. It is clear that we have a great class! PRACTIQUEMOS

The subjunctive is used when something is unknown/can not be identified or named. Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change. Subjunctive is also used with anything that ‘may’ happen, quizás / tal vez Perhaps we will go to the store. Maybe they won’t know the truth. Do you have many employees that speak german? There are many people that I know. We are looking for someone that can write well. There is nobody here that knows the truth. UNKNOWN/QUIZAS/TAL VEZ

HABERPARTICIPIO PASADO LOS PERFECTOS EN EL SUBJUNTIVO