1 Literary Elements & Poetic Devices

2 Setting When looking at setting, consider the location, time period, and physical environment. When looking at setting, consider the location, time period, and physical environment.

3 Plot 1. Exposition: introduces characters, setting & conflicts 2. Rising Action: complications, twists, and intensification 3. Climax: high-point of story 4.Falling Action: result of climax 5.Denouement-Everything goes back to normal 6. Resolution: final outcome of story

4 5 Stages of Plot Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Resolution

5 CHARACTERIZATION Protagonist: The main character, usually hero of the story, who is faced with a conflict. Protagonist: The main character, usually hero of the story, who is faced with a conflict. Antagonist: The character or force that creates conflict for the protagonist. Antagonist: The character or force that creates conflict for the protagonist. Foil: A character who provides a contrast (opposite) to the protagonist. Foil: A character who provides a contrast (opposite) to the protagonist. Foil Protagonist Antagonist

6 Theme: Let Yoda Be Our Guide Central Idea/Message -insight about life or human nature  Stated themes: themes directly presented in the story (directly stated)  Implied themes: themes figured out by elements of story and life message

7 Characters Dynamic characters: change in some way from the beginning to the end. Dynamic characters: change in some way from the beginning to the end. Rounded Characters: are many sided, lifelike, well rounded Rounded Characters: are many sided, lifelike, well rounded

8 Conflict = Struggle  External conflict: conflict between character and outside force Man vs. Man Man vs. Man Man vs. Nature Man vs. Nature Man vs. Society Man vs. Society  Internal conflict: conflict that takes place within the mind (internally) Man vs. Self Man vs. Self Which picture goes with which conflict?

9 More terms  Foreshadowing -  Foreshadowing - Foreshadowing is the author’s use of clues to hint at what might happen later in the story. Writers use foreshadowing to build their readers’ expectations and to create suspense. This is used to help readers prepare for what is to come.  Flashbacks-  Flashbacks- A flashback is a literary device in which an earlier episode, conversation, or event is inserted into the sequence of events. Often flashbacks are presented as a memory of the narrator or of another character.  Allusion- an incidental mention of something well known such as a work of art, a famous landmark, a piece of art work etc.

What is figurative language? Figurative language is language that means more than what it says on the surface. It usually gives us a feeling about its subject. Poets use figurative language almost as frequently as literal language. When you read poetry, you must be conscious of the difference. Otherwise, a poem may make no sense at all.

11 Figurative Language Metaphor comparison of two unlike things using the verb "to be" and not using like or as as in a simile. Metaphor comparison of two unlike things using the verb "to be" and not using like or as as in a simile.simile Ex. Love is a rose. Ex. Love is a rose.

12 Figurative Language Simile is the comparison of two unlike things using like or as. Simile is the comparison of two unlike things using like or as. Ex. My heart is like an open highway - Jon Bon Jovi

13 Figurative Language Alliteration is the repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words. Alliteration is the repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words. Ex. Dressy daffodils. 'She sells seashells by the seashore.' 'She sells seashells by the seashore.'

14 Figurative Language Personification is giving human qualities to animals or objects. Personification is giving human qualities to animals or objects. Ex. a smiling moon, a jovial sun

15 Figurative Language Imagery - Imagery -Language that appeals to the senses. Most images are visual, but they can also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell. Ex. “then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather...” from “Those Winter Sundays”

More examples of figurative language Hyperbole - A figure of speech (a form of irony) in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect; an extravagant statement. Ex. “Her brain is the size of a pea.” “I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.”

Figurative Language Idiom – A natural manner of speaking to a native speaker of a language. Phrases are only understood in our language. “A leopard can't change his spots.” Meaning: You cannot change who you are. “Apple of my eye…” Meaning: Someone who is cherished above all others. “I have butterflies in my stomach.” Meaning: I’m nervous!