Bell Work  What’s the difference in motivation for coming to the New World from the settlers at Jamestown to the settlers in New England? This Day in History: August 24, 79- Mount Vesuvius erupts in southern Italy, devastating the prosperous Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum and killing thousands. August 24, During the War of 1812, the British capture and burn Washington D.C. August 24, Eleven years after the outbreak of the Mexican War of Independence, Spanish Viceroy Juan de O’Donojú signs the Treaty of Córdoba, which approves a plan to make Mexico an independent constitutional monarchy.

The New England and Middle Colonies

 Calvinism was born out of Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation. Calvinists believed in predestination and were anti-Catholic.  A group of Puritan Separatists wanted to leave the Church of England because they did not want to worship with the “damned.”

 Puritans from Holland set sail for Virginia in  They missed their destination and arrived at Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts.  The Mayflower Compact set plans for the future to establish a government. William Bradford was the first governor.

 A group of non- separatist Puritans gained a charter to establish the colony of Massachusetts.  The Great Migration of the 1630s brought 70,000 English to the Americas.

 John Winthrop was the first governor of the MBC.  The main economic interests in New England were fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding.

New Colonies  Other colonies were founded from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.  In 1636 Thomas Hooker settled Hartford which would later become Connecticut in Developed the first Constitution in America called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.  Roger Williams believed in separation of church and state and better policies toward natives. He would found Rhode Island.

New York and New Jersey New York  Dutch founded New Netherland in 1613 as fur trading post.  New Amsterdam was center of fur trade.  Peter Stuyvesant led the colony from  English captured colony in 1664 and renamed it New York. New Jersey  English took control in  The colony occupied land between the Hudson and Delaware rivers.  Had diverse population, including Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots.

Pennsylvania  Society of Friends, or Quakers, was one of largest religious groups in New Jersey.  Quakers, who supported nonviolence and religious tolerance, were persecuted.  William Penn founded Pennsylvania, a larger colony for Quakers that provided a safe home.  Penn limited his power, established an elected assembly, and promised religious freedom to all Christians.  Delaware was formed out of the southern part of Pennsylvania by people from Sweden.

Staple Crops  Middle colonies had good climate and rich soil to grow staple crops, crops that are always needed.  Crops included wheat, barley, and oats.  There were slaves, but indentured servants were a larger source of labor.  Trade to Britain and the West Indies was important to the economy of middle colonies.

Homework  Continue to work on your colonies project. All research should be complete by Friday. Final due and presentations will be next Monday.