CULTURE We ’ ve all heard the word, but what does it mean to you? What do you know about “ CULTURE ” ? We ’ ve all heard the word, but what does it mean to you? What do you know about “ CULTURE ” ?

The Meaning of Culture Culture: people ’ s way of life. Culture: people ’ s way of life. Culture is inherited and learned. Culture is inherited and learned. Culture shapes lives and perceptions. Culture shapes lives and perceptions.

Cultural Landscape If you have ever studied the earth’s surface from an airplane thousands of feet in the air, you have observed the cultural landscape – the modification of the natural landscape by human activities.

Midwestern U.S.

Big Cities

Culture – the complex mix of values, beliefs, behaviors, and material objects that together form a people’ way of life. – Important terminology follows: Non-material CultureNon-material Culture – consists of abstract concepts of values, beliefs and behaviors. ValuesValues – are culturally defined standards that guide the way people assess desirability, goodness, and beauty, and that serve as guidelines for moral living. Red Sonia – Leslie Hovvels of Welsh – died because of infection related to nose piercings.

Egyptian body piercings reflected status and love of beauty. Romans were practical piercers. Signified Strength and Virility. Aztecs, Mayans and some American Indians practiced Tongue Piercing as religious ritual. Modern Day – Mostly limited to the ears until recently. Hippies of the 1960’s traveled to India and brought back the concept of nose rings. The concept of body piercing has continued to gain in popularity throughout the 80’s, 90’s and today.

BeliefsBeliefs – specific statements that people hold to be true – almost always based on values. Behaviors norms--Behaviors – Actions that people take – generally based on values and beliefs as reflected in norms--the rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.

Material Culture – Material Culture – wide range concrete human creations. Artifacts – reflect the values, beliefs, and behaviors of a culture. –From an airplane you can readily see material culture as it relates to the environment. Roads Houses Buildings, Car Farm equipment Airport runways –Look beyond the objects… Why does a person build a house? Why are the houses arranged in the patterns that you see? What purpose do checkerboards serve, and where do the roads lead? The answers to these questions lie in the values, beliefs, and behaviors (non-material culture) that humans use to guide the creation and maintenance of their artifacts (material culture)

Elements of Culture: Government Government Religion Religion Arts and Literature Arts and Literature Customs and traditions Customs and traditions Economics Economics Social Organizations Social Organizations Language Language

Objectives SWBAT identify the 7 elements of culture SWBAT identify the 7 elements of culture SWBAT discuss examples of the 7 elements of culture SWBAT discuss examples of the 7 elements of culture SWBAT develop associations that help remember each element SWBAT develop associations that help remember each element

Government Religion Customs & Traditions Social Organization Language Economy Arts

Government Developed to provide for the common needs of the group Developed to provide for the common needs of the group Keep order within society Keep order within society Protection from outside threats Protection from outside threats Government refers to: laws & political institutions Government refers to: laws & political institutions Traditional - Democracy - Republic - Dictatorship Traditional - Democracy - Republic - Dictatorship

Government Religion Customs & Traditions Social Organization Language Economy Arts

Religion Religion helps answer life ’ s questions Religion helps answer life ’ s questions Unites cultures and is linked to art Unites cultures and is linked to art Supports the values of the group Supports the values of the group Vary: Monotheism & Polytheism Vary: Monotheism & Polytheism Religion = center of conflicts Religion = center of conflicts

Discussion Topic Why does religion cause so much conflict? Why does religion cause so much conflict? Do you think anything can be done to resolve religious conflicts? Do you think anything can be done to resolve religious conflicts?

Government Religion Customs & Traditions Social Organization Language Economy Arts

Arts and Literature Teaches about our cultural values Teaches about our cultural values Used for entertainment Used for entertainment Passed down from generation to generation Passed down from generation to generation Helps strengthen cultural identity Helps strengthen cultural identity Helps promote pride and unity Helps promote pride and unity

Government Religion Customs & Traditions Social Organization Language Economy Arts

Customs and Traditions Rules of Behavior Rules of Behavior Rules for eating, dressing, talking, sleeping and greetings Rules for eating, dressing, talking, sleeping and greetings Enforcement of rules: two major ways to enforce the rules Enforcement of rules: two major ways to enforce the rules –Social pressure for minor –Laws for major rules.

Discussion Question What are some examples of customs and traditions? What are some examples of customs and traditions? Give an example of a minor punishment. Give an example of a minor punishment. Create an example with a major consequence for problem behavior Create an example with a major consequence for problem behavior

Government Religion Customs & Traditions Social Organization Language Economy Arts

Economic Systems Using limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs Using limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs 3 economic questions: What should be produced, How should …, and for whom should it be produced 3 economic questions: What should be produced, How should …, and for whom should it be produced Traditional: people provide goods Traditional: people provide goods Market: individuals answer ?? Market: individuals answer ?? Command: government answers Command: government answers Mixed: people and government Mixed: people and government

Government Religion Customs & Traditions Social Organization Language Economy Arts

Social Organizations Organize members in smaller units Organize members in smaller units Meet the basic needs of the group Meet the basic needs of the group Family Patterns: family most important Family Patterns: family most important Learn behavior and beliefs of society Learn behavior and beliefs of society Nuclear Families & Extended Families Nuclear Families & Extended Families Patriarchal & Matriarchal authority Patriarchal & Matriarchal authority Social Classes part of most cultures Social Classes part of most cultures

Discussion Topic What lessons have you learned from your family? What lessons have you learned from your family? Do social classes have any value? Do social classes have any value?

Government Religion Customs & Traditions Social Organization Language Economy Arts

Language Cornerstone of Culture Cornerstone of Culture Culture passed through language Culture passed through language All cultures have language All cultures have language Language reflects a culture ’ s identity Language reflects a culture ’ s identity Some countries have mixed languages Some countries have mixed languages

Discussion Question 1. Should we have an official language? 1. Should we have an official language? 2. Should the US require that all signs, commercials, TV shows and public information be written in both English and Spanish? Explain 2. Should the US require that all signs, commercials, TV shows and public information be written in both English and Spanish? Explain