1. World Cultures
Chapter 1

2. World cultures is the study of the connections between people and their environment
Geography is the study of where people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other

3. Five Themes of Geography
Location
Place
Interaction between people and their environment
Movement
Region

4. Location – position on the Earth’s surface
Relative location – describe position
Absolute location – use latitude and longitude
Latitude – distance north or south of the Equator
Longitude – distance east or west of the Prime Meridian
Prime Meridian – imaginary line that runs through Greenwich England Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere

5. Place – physical and human characteristics
Physical characteristics - landforms, climate, soil, animal life.
The average weather of a location over a period of years is climate
Human characteristics – peoples’ ways of life – activities, transportation, religion,
language

6. Interaction between people and their environment
People change the world around them
Adaptation –
People sometimes have to change due to the environment
Hidden cost
pollution
People must decide how to build their economies without harming the environment

7. of people, goods, and ideas
Movement
of people, goods, and ideas
often occurs together
Migration
people moving from place to place looking for food, a better way of life, war, natural disasters, involuntarily
Interdependence
dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world

8. Unifying characteristics Physical characteristics
Region
Unifying characteristics
Physical characteristics
Cultural characteristics
Political characteristics
Economic characteristics

9. Physical characteristics – landforms / climate
Cultural characteristics – shared religion
Political characteristics – nations
Economic characteristics – developed, developing, Third World

10. ways of showing the curved Earth on a flat surface
Mercator projection
Robinson projection
Map projections
ways of showing the curved Earth on a flat surface
Peters projection
Interrupted projection

11. Political map - show the borders that divide nations
Physical map - show features - mountains lakes, rivers
Natural resource map - shows the location of oil, coal, other important resources
Climate map
Vegetation map - show the plant life of a place or region

12. all things that make up a people’s Customs and traditions
Culture
all things that make up a people’s
entire way of life
Elements of culture
Social organization
Customs and traditions
Language
Arts and literature
Religion
Forms of government
Economic systems

13. Social Organization Family patterns Social classes
Organizing members into smaller groups
Family is the most important unit of social organization
Person with authority varies from one culture to another
Family patterns
Nuclear family – typical in industrialized societies
Extended family – common in many societies
Social classes
Ranks people in order of status
Bases on factor a culture values highly
In the past, a person born into a class, stayed in the class for life

14. Customs and Traditions
Rules of behavior
Minor rules of everyday behavior are enforced by social pressure
Rules concerning what is right and wrong are enforced more strictly often are part of a culture’s written laws
Language
Cornerstone of culture
Arts and Literature
Teaches about cultural values

15. supports the values that the people consider important
Religion
supports the values that the people consider important
Monotheism – the worship of one god
Polytheism – the worship of more than one god
Major religions
Hinduism
Buddhism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam

16. Government Types of Government
Provides for common needs
Keeps order within society
Protects the society from outside threats
Types of Government
Democracy – people have supreme power, the government may act on by and with consent of the people
Republic – the people choose the leaders who represent them
Dictatorship – the ruler or group holds power through force

17. Traditional Economy – people produce what they need to survive
Economic Systems
People and Nations answer the following questions about goods and services:
What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce?
Traditional Economy – people produce what they need to survive
Market Economy – consumers demands determine what to produce
Command Economy – government controls what, how, and cost of goods produced
Mixed Economy – most nations have this economy, individuals make some economic decisions, government makes others

18. Causes of Cultural Change
Technology - skills and tools people use
Changing environment
Adapt to changes in environment
New ideas
Alteration of actions
Diffusion
the movement of customs or ideas from one place to another

19. United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945.  It is currently made up of 193 Member States. 
The United Nations can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, and more.
Permanent seat China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and the United States. 

20. Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.