The 13 Colonies and the British Empire 1607-1750 Chapter 2 The 13 Colonies and the British Empire 1607-1750

Development of Colonies

CHESAPEAKE COLONIES

Chesapeake Colonies: Maryland: King Charles I granted proprietorships to Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert) Act of Toleration: religious freedom to all Christians; those who denied divinity of Jesus were sent to death. Act was repealed when Protestants revolted; Catholics lost rights.

Virginia: Economic problems: low tobacco prices over production London merchants rose their prices on goods exported to Virginia Political Problems: Sir William Berkeley acted like dictator & favored large planters Bacon’s Rebellion: led a series of raids against Indian villages Lasting problems: sharp class differences and resistance to royal control

Labor Shortages: Indentured servants: people from British Isles worked for a master for a pd. of time in exchange for payment of passage. Headright system: 50 acres of land for those who paid for own passage or masters who paid for immigrant’s passage Slavery: Africans brought to Virginia; House of Burgesses enacted laws of discrimination

Development of New England Colonies

Development of New England : Rhode Island Roger Williams: banished from Bay Colony, fled to Narragansett Bay, founded Providence and first Baptist Church He respected rights of Native Americans Complete religious toleration for Catholics, Quakers, Jews Anne Hutchison: banished from Bay colony, believed in antinomianism, founded Portsmouth

Connecticut: Thomas Hooker founded Hartfort Fundamental Orders of Ct: representative gov’t, south of Hartford=New Haven Founded by John Davenport New Haven and Hartfort formed Ct. Limited degree of self-gov’t New Hampshire: Last colony in New England Originally part of MA Bay Charles II separated New Hampshire and made it a royal colony

New England Confederation: Plymouth, MA Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven formed military alliance to solve boundary disputes, return runaway slaves, and deal with Indians. King Philip‘s War: chief of Wampanoags named Metacom (King Philip) fought against settlers. Colonial forces prevailed.

Restoration Colonies: South Carolina: Economy based on trading furs, and giving food to West Indies Large rice plantations North Carolina: Small tobacco farms Few good harbors and few large plantations

New York Charles II granted Duke of York (James II) land btwn. CT and Delaware Bay James took control of land from Dutch Peter Stuyvesant James ordered no taxes, duties, rents w/o a representative assembly =strong opposition New Jersey James gave section of NY to Berkeley and Carteret between Hudson and Delaware Rivers Generous land offers, religious freedom, assembly

Pennsylvania Quakers- members of Religious Society of Friends William Penn-granted land for a debt owed to his father Holy Experiment Frame of Government Charter of Liberties Delaware Lower county of PA Became separate colony with same governor as PA’s until American Revolution Georgia: Last colony Served as buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida Home for those imprisoned for debt James Oglethorpe made strict rules (no rum nor slavery) Colony soon became royal

Mercantilism: Europe looked upon trade, colonies, and accumulation of wealth as basis for country’s military/political strength. Navigation Acts: 1. Trade to and from colonies carried only by English or colonial built ships 2. All imported goods could only pass through ports in England 3. Enumerated goods could only be exported to England **The acts were poorly enforced SMUGGLING!!!

MERCANTILISM

BRIEF EXPERIMENT: DOMINION OF NEW ENGLAND James II tried to increase royal control in colonies He sent Sir Edmund Andros to combine NY, NJ, and other New England colonies into dominion Levied taxes, limited town meetings, revoked land titles Dominion was ended with Glorious Revolution

Institution of Slavery: Triangular Trade: Slavery became important because: reduced migration need for dependable work force need for cheap labor Triangular Trade:

TRIANGULAR TRADE